Studied by 83 peopleOnomatopoeia
using words that imitate the sound they denote ex: "boing" "gargle" "zap"
Vowels
a, e, i, o, u, sometimes w, y
Semivowels
f, h, j, l, m, n, r, s, v, w, c, g, z - effect: euphonious
Mutes
k, p, t, b, d, q, c - effect: cacophonous
Alliteration
repetition of initial consonant sounds
Assonance
repetition of vowel sounds
Consonance
repetition of consonant sounds
Euphony
a pleasing sound through a harmonious combination of words
Cacophony
a harsh sound through a discordant mixture of sounds
Explosive
a mute followed by a vowel - effect: cacophonous
Liquid Consonants
l, m, n, r - effect: euphonious sound
Prosody
the metrical composition of a poem ex: iambic pentameter is the most common :)
Scansion
the action of scanning a line of verse to determine its rhythm
Metrical Lines
collections of syllables with a particular emphasis ex: iambic, trochee, dactyl, anapest, spondee
Iambic
unstressed, stressed
Trochee
stressed, unstressed
Dactyl
stressed, unstressed, unstressed
Anapest
unstressed, unstressed, stressed
Spondee
two long equally stressed syllables
Caesura
a break between words within a metrical foot (//)
Iambic Pentameter
five metrical feet: unstressed, stressed - the most common prosody
Longer Line Effect
effect: greater power and scope, abundance, richness, joy
Shorter Line Effect
effect: agitation, restlessness, excitement, greater than usual attentiveness
True Rhyme
Rhymes on the final syllable (can be masculine - ends with stressed syllable, or feminine - ends with unstressed syllable)
Slant Rhyme
Similar but not identical vowel/consonant sounds that rhyme
Blank Verse
unrhymed iambic pentameter (Shakespeare used this)
Enjambment
The continuation of a sentence without a pause beyond the end of a line, couplet, or stanza. effect: to speed up the pace of the poem or to create a sense of urgency, tension, or rising emotion as the reader is pulled from one line to the next.
Self-enclosed
A line with punctuation at the end, stopping the reader before they move on to the next line
Couplet
two rhyming lines
Tercet
three rhyming lines
Quatrain
four rhyming lines
Sonnet
14 lines, usually 10 syllables per line ex: English (Shakesperean) Sonnet, Italian (Petrarchan) Sonnet
English (Shakesperean) Sonnet
A sonnet that usually uses iambic pentameter, and has no octave/sestet structure to it. The final couplet is the defining feature. Usually as the following rhyme scheme (ababcdcdefef gg)
Italian (Petrarchan) Sonnet
A sonnet that usually uses iambic pentameter, and has an octave of eight lines followed by a sestet of six. Possible rhyme schemes include: ababcdcd cdecde abbaabba cddcee
Free Verse
Poetry that does not rhyme
Connotation
The meaning behind a word - beyond its literal meaning
Denotation
The literal meaning of a word; it's definition
Imagery
Elements of a poem that invoke any of the 5 senses
Figurative Language
Non-literal language. ex: metaphor, simile, hyperbole etc.
Simile
A comparison between two objects using "like" or "as"
Metaphor
A comparison between two objects NOT using "like" or "as"
Personification
giving the attributes of a human being to an animal, an object, or a concept
Allusion
a well known reference
Metonymy
the use of something closely related for the thing actually meant. ex: using "crown" to mean king or smth
Synecdoche
the use of a part to stand for the whole. ex: "i didn't eat a crumb", "i'll take your hand in marriage"
Apostrophe
addressing someone absent or dead or something non-human as if that person or thing were present
Form
the physical structure of the poem: the length of the lines, their rhythms, their system of rhymes and repetition - ALL POEMS HAVE THIS!
Note
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