Poetry Unit Vocab (copy)

pls help

Onomatopoeia

using words that imitate the sound they denote ex: "boing" "gargle" "zap"

Vowels

a, e, i, o, u, sometimes w, y

Semivowels

f, h, j, l, m, n, r, s, v, w, c, g, z - effect: euphonious

Mutes

k, p, t, b, d, q, c - effect: cacophonous

Alliteration

repetition of initial consonant sounds

Assonance

repetition of vowel sounds

Consonance

repetition of consonant sounds

Euphony

a pleasing sound through a harmonious combination of words

Cacophony

a harsh sound through a discordant mixture of sounds

Explosive

a mute followed by a vowel - effect: cacophonous

Liquid Consonants

l, m, n, r - effect: euphonious sound

Prosody

the metrical composition of a poem ex: iambic pentameter is the most common :)

Scansion

the action of scanning a line of verse to determine its rhythm

Metrical Lines

collections of syllables with a particular emphasis ex: iambic, trochee, dactyl, anapest, spondee

Iambic

unstressed, stressed

Trochee

stressed, unstressed

Dactyl

stressed, unstressed, unstressed

Anapest

unstressed, unstressed, stressed

Spondee

two long equally stressed syllables

Caesura

a break between words within a metrical foot (//)

Iambic Pentameter

five metrical feet: unstressed, stressed - the most common prosody

Longer Line Effect

effect: greater power and scope, abundance, richness, joy

Shorter Line Effect

effect: agitation, restlessness, excitement, greater than usual attentiveness

True Rhyme

Rhymes on the final syllable
(can be masculine - ends with stressed syllable, or feminine - ends with unstressed syllable)

Slant Rhyme

Similar but not identical vowel/consonant sounds that rhyme

Blank Verse

unrhymed iambic pentameter (Shakespeare used this)

Enjambment

The continuation of a sentence without a pause beyond the end of a line, couplet, or stanza. effect: to speed up the pace of the poem or to create a sense of urgency, tension, or rising emotion as the reader is pulled from one line to the next.

Self-enclosed

A line with punctuation at the end, stopping the reader before they move on to the next line

Couplet

two rhyming lines

Tercet

three rhyming lines

Quatrain

four rhyming lines

Sonnet

14 lines, usually 10 syllables per line ex: English (Shakesperean) Sonnet, Italian (Petrarchan) Sonnet

English (Shakesperean) Sonnet

A sonnet that usually uses iambic pentameter, and has no octave/sestet structure to it. The final couplet is the defining feature. Usually as the following rhyme scheme (ababcdcdefef gg)

Italian (Petrarchan) Sonnet

A sonnet that usually uses iambic pentameter, and has an octave of eight lines followed by a sestet of six. Possible rhyme schemes include:
ababcdcd cdecde
abbaabba cddcee

Free Verse

Poetry that does not rhyme

Connotation

The meaning behind a word - beyond its literal meaning

Denotation

The literal meaning of a word; it's definition

Imagery

Elements of a poem that invoke any of the 5 senses

Figurative Language

Non-literal language. ex: metaphor, simile, hyperbole etc.

Simile

A comparison between two objects using "like" or "as"

Metaphor

A comparison between two objects NOT using "like" or "as"

Personification

giving the attributes of a human being to an animal, an object, or a concept

Allusion

a well known reference

Metonymy

the use of something closely related for the thing actually meant. ex: using "crown" to mean king or smth

Synecdoche

the use of a part to stand for the whole. ex: "i didn't eat a crumb", "i'll take your hand in marriage"

Apostrophe

addressing someone absent or dead or something non-human as if that person or thing were present

Form

the physical structure of the poem: the length of the lines, their rhythms, their system of rhymes and repetition - ALL POEMS HAVE THIS!