US Imperialism Vocab

Imperialism

A policy of extending a country's power and influence on the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region through diplomacy or military force.

Protectorate

Country with its own government but under the control/protection of an outside power

Nationalism

A political ideology that emphasizes the interests and culture of a particular nation. A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country

Anglo-Saxonism

A belief in the superiority of Anglo-Saxon culture (English-speaking nations had superior character, ideas, and systems of government) and the duty to spread it/control others

Matthew Perry

A U.S. naval officer sailed four gunboats into Japan's Uraga Bay and demanded the nation open itself to diplomatic and commercial exchange with the US/Western hemisphere in 1853, ending two centuries of Japan's self-imposed isolation and led restoration of the emperor.

Treaty of Kanagawa

(1854) trade treaty between Japan and the United States opening up two Japanese ports to U.S. trade; signed in response to a show of force by U.S. admiral Matthew Perry

Annex

To add territory to an existing political unit.

Queen Liliuokalani

The last reigning monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaii before its annexation by the United States.

Pan-Americanism

A political and economic doctrine that promotes cooperation among the US and Latin America to support peace and increase trade.

Jose Marti

A Cuban national hero, journalist, and an important figure in Latin American literature and the fight for Cuban independence who organized a guerilla revolution against Spain in 1895

"Cuba Libre" free Cuba was his battle cry-and sought US support and intervention.

William Randolph Hearst

United States newspaper publisher whose introduction of large headlines and sensational reporting changed American journalism (1863-1951) known for his role in the development of yellow journalism.

Joseph Pulitzer

A newspaper publisher who established the Pulitzer Prizes and was a pioneer in sensational journalism. Used yellow journalism in competition with Hearst to sell more newspapers.

Autonomy

The right or condition of self-government

Jingoism

An extreme form of patriotism that favors an aggressive foreign policy. extreme, chauvinistic patriotism, often favoring an aggressive, warlike foreign policy

USS Maine

U.S. Battleship that exploded in Havana Harbor in 1898; Evidence suggests an internal explosion, however Spanish military was framed by Yellow Journalism; The incident was a catalyst for the Spanish American War

Rough Riders

A volunteer cavalry regiment led by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish-American War.

George Dewey

A United States naval officer remembered for his victory at Manila Bay in the Spanish-American War
led the American attack on the Philippines

Battle of Manila Bay

May 1, 1898 - First Battle of the Spanish-American War in the Philippines; decisive US victory under Commodore George Dewey (Naval - US steel ships vs. Spanish wooden ships)

William T. Sampson

A U.S. naval officer who played a key role in the naval blockade of Cuba during the Spanish-American War.

Battle of Kettle Hill

A significant battle during the Spanish-American War that was part of the larger Battle of San Juan Hill. Roosevelt and Rough Riders defeated Spain. Placed America at an advantage

Battle of San Juan Hill

July 1, 1898- One of the most important battles of the Spanish-American War. Roosevelt, the Rough Riders and Pershing's Buffalo Soldiers defeated Spanish on Kettle and San Juan Hill. led to the capture of Santiago.

Emilio Aguinaldo

Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain (1895-1898). He proclaimed the independence of the Philippines in 1899, but his movement was crushed and he was captured by the United States Army in 1901.

Platt Amendment

An amendment that allowed the U.S. to intervene in Cuban affairs, established Guantanamo Bay as a naval base, and severely restricted Cuba's sovereignty

Teller Amendment

Amendment was drafted by Henry M. Teller which declared that the US had no desire for control in Cuba & pledged the US would not annex it after the war

Foraker Act

A law that established the civilian government in Puerto Rico after it became an unorganized U.S. territory.

Spheres of influence

Regions where a particular country has exclusive rights and privileges.

Open Door Policy

A U.S. foreign policy issued by U.S. secretary of state John Hay (1899) that aimed to ensure equal trading rights/access for all nations in China and its ports

Boxer Rebellion

An anti-foreign, anti-colonial uprising in China from 1899 to 1901 started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". The rebellion was ended by British troops.

Theodore Roosevelt

The 26th President of the United States known for his progressive policies and the construction of the Panama Canal.

Great White Fleet

A fleet of 16 white U.S. Navy ships that completed a journey around the globe from 1907 to 1909 to showcase American naval power.

Hay-Poncefote Treaty

An agreement between the U.S. and Great Britain that granted the U.S. the right to build a canal in Central America.

Panama Canal

A man-made waterway that enabled quicker passage between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, completed by the US in 1914.

Columbians would not let Americans build the canal, but then with the assistance of the US, a Panamanian Revolution occurred. The new ruling people allowed the United States to build the canal

Roosevelt Corollary

Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South and Central America by using military force, first put into effect in Dominican Republic

William Howard Taft

The 27th President of the United States known for his foreign policy of Dollar Diplomacy.

Dollar diplomacy

Foreign policy created under President Taft that had the U.S. exchanging financial support ($) for the right to "help" countries make decisions about trade and other commercial ventures.

exchanging money for political influence in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Woodrow Wilson

The 28th President of the United States known for his leadership during World War I and his Fourteen Points.

Victoriano Huerta

a Mexican military officer, President of Mexico, and leader of the violent revolution that took place in 1913. ruthless rise to power caused many Mexicans to cross the border as well as angering Pres. Wilson and the United States, who saw him as a dictator and refused to extend diplomatic recognition to his government. abdicated in 1914.

Pancho Villa

A Mexican revolutionary general known for his raids into the United States.

Guerrillas

Members of a small independent group taking part in irregular fighting, typically against larger regular forces.