Unit 4 U.S. Test Guide

What was the Red Scare of 1919-1920?

A wave of anti-communist hysteria in the United States focused on fears of radical immigrants and labor movements.

What international event stoked fears that a similar revolution could occur in the U.S., contributing to the first Red Scare?

The Bolshevik Revolution in Russia.

The defendant in the Scopes Trial, a high school science teacher accused of teaching evolution, was named _.

John T. Scopes

Who was the famous defense attorney who represented John T. Scopes and the ACLU during the Scopes Trial?

Clarence Darrow

Which three-time presidential candidate assisted the prosecution in the Scopes Trial, representing the fundamentalist viewpoint?

William Jennings Bryan

The Scopes Trial was a legal challenge to what Tennessee law?

The Butler Act, which banned teaching evolution in public schools.

In what small town and state was the Scopes Trial deliberately held to attract publicity?

Dayton, Tennessee

What did the Emergency Quota Act of 1921 establish for the first time in the U.S.?

An annual numerical cap on immigration.

The Emergency Quota Act of 1921 restricted immigration from each country to what percentage of its existing U.S. population from the 1910 Census?

3%

The Emergency Quota Act of 1921 was specifically aimed at limiting immigration from which two regions of Europe?

Southern and Eastern Europe.

The social and political sentiment that fueled support for the Emergency Quota Act is known as _.

Nativism

What was the Harlem Renaissance?

A period of profound artistic and intellectual activity by African Americans, centered in Harlem, New York.

Name a prominent writer associated with the Harlem Renaissance.

Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, or Claude McKay.

Name a prominent musician associated with the Harlem Renaissance.

Duke Ellington or Fletcher Henderson.

The vitality of the Harlem Renaissance declined with the start of what major economic event?

The Great Depression, following the stock market crash of 1929.

The _ was the mass migration of African Americans from the rural South to Northern cities, fueling the Harlem Renaissance.

Great Migration

What was the primary goal of the Kellogg-Briand Pact signed in 1928?

To renounce war as an instrument of national policy.

Who were the two key diplomats for whom the Kellogg-Briand Pact was named?

French Prime Minister Aristide Briand and U.S. Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg.

What was the ultimate weakness of the Kellogg-Briand Pact that made it ineffective?

It had no enforcement mechanism or penalties for violators.

The 1931 invasion of Manchuria by what country demonstrated the ineffectiveness of the Kellogg-Briand Pact?

Japan

What term describes the generation of American writers and artists who came of age during WWI and felt disillusioned by the war and post-war society?

The Lost Generation

Who coined the term "Lost Generation"?

Gertrude Stein

Which author popularized the term "Lost Generation" by using it in his novel 'The Sun Also Rises'?

Ernest Hemingway

Many prominent members of the Lost Generation became expatriates in what European city?

Paris, France

What was the Teapot Dome Scandal?

A political scandal involving bribery and the secret leasing of federal oil reserves to private companies.

Which member of President Harding's cabinet was convicted of bribery in the Teapot Dome Scandal?

Secretary of the Interior Albert B. Fall.

The naval oil reserve that gave the Teapot Dome Scandal its name was located in what state?

Wyoming

What was the primary purpose of the Dawes Plan of 1924?

To restructure Germany's World War I reparation payments and provide a loan to stabilize its economy.

The American committee that created the Dawes Plan was headed by whom?

Charles G. Dawes

What did the 18th Amendment prohibit?

The manufacture, sale, and transportation of intoxicating liquors.

The national era of Prohibition established by the 18th Amendment was enforced by which act?

The Volstead Act

The 18th Amendment went into effect in January 1920 and was repealed by which amendment in 1933?

The 21st Amendment

What was a major unintended consequence of Prohibition?

The rise of organized crime.

What was Henry Ford's key innovation that revolutionized mass production?

The moving assembly line.

At which plant did Henry Ford first introduce the moving assembly line in 1913?

The Highland Park plant in Michigan.

What affordable car was the first to be mass-produced using the moving assembly line?

The Model T

Ford's mass production methods drastically reduced the assembly time of a car from over 12 hours to just _ minutes.

93

What right did the 19th Amendment grant?

It gave women the right to vote.

A place where alcoholic drinks were sold and consumed illegally during Prohibition was called a ____.

Speakeasy

In the 1920s, Harlem became known as the unofficial capital of _ culture and activism in the US.

African American

What musical genre, originating in New Orleans, became highly popular during the Roaring 20s?

Jazz

Who was Charles Lindbergh?

The pilot who made the first solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean.

Who were Sacco & Vanzetti?

Two Italian immigrants and anarchists who were convicted of murder, largely due to anti-immigrant sentiment.

What did the practice of 'buying on credit' allow consumers to do in the 1920s?

It allowed people to purchase items that they could not afford to pay for upfront.

Besides African Americans, what other group was heavily targeted by the Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s?

Immigrants

What term was used for young women in the 1920s who wore short skirts, bobbed their hair, and challenged traditional female roles?

Flappers

Who was George Washington Carver?

An agricultural scientist who promoted sustainable farming and developed hundreds of uses for crops like peanuts.

Who was W.E.B. Du Bois?

A scholar and activist who co-founded the NAACP and analyzed the Black experience with concepts like 'double consciousness'.

Duke Ellington, Bessie Smith, and The Cotton Club were all pivotal in showcasing what during the Harlem Renaissance?

Black musical genius, particularly in jazz and blues, to a wider American audience.

What 1921 act signed by President Harding established the nation's first formal federal budget process?

The Budget and Accounting Act of 1921.

What was the purpose of the Washington Naval Conference convened by President Harding?

To create treaties that would limit naval armaments among major world powers.

What did President Harding's Federal Aid Highway Act of 1921 provide funding for?

An interstate and intercounty road system.

President Harding established the _ to coordinate medical care and job training for wounded veterans.

Veterans Bureau

What 1924 act signed by President Coolidge granted full U.S. citizenship to all Native Americans?

The Indian Citizenship Act of 1924.

The period of immense economic growth during Calvin Coolidge's presidency is known as '_ Prosperity'.

Coolidge

What did the Radio Act of 1927, signed by President Coolidge, establish?

The Federal Radio Commission to regulate radio broadcasting.

President Coolidge successfully lowered the national debt during his presidency from $22.3 billion to what amount?

$16.9 billion

What board did President Hoover create to provide loans and support to farming cooperatives?

The Federal Farm Board.

What was the name of President Hoover's foreign policy toward Latin America, which involved withdrawing U.S. forces from the region?

The 'Good Neighbor Policy'

President Hoover initiated large-scale public works projects, including the construction of what major dam?

The Hoover Dam.