oxford aqa psychology - sleep
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已经写了十个作为例子，可以按照我做的继续做下去，可以用中文。
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24 Terms
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Circadian Rhythms
Biological rhythms with cycle length of 24 hours. e.x. Sleep wake cycle
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infradian rhythms
biological rhythms with cycle length more than one day. e.x. menstrual cycle
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ultradian rhythms
biological rhythms with cycle length less than one day. e.x. sleep cycle/body temperature
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zeitgebers
environmental factors that help regulate biological cycles. e.x. sunlight
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endogenous pacemakers
internal factors controlling biological cycles.
Suprachiasmatic nucleus(SCN) + pineal gland
Suprachiasmatic nucleus(SCN) + pineal gland
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what’s Stephan and Zucker (1972) about
importance of endogenous factors / damaging rat’s SCN cause them to lose circadian rhythm
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evaluation of Stephan and Zucker (1972)
\-many rats didn’t survive the procedure of damaging the SCN(unethical)
\-colateral damage of the procedure might also have an effect on rat’s behaviour
\-colateral damage of the procedure might also have an effect on rat’s behaviour
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Studies that showed the relation between melatonin and sleep.
(abraham, gwinner, and Van't Hog, 2000)
(Binkley, 1979)
(Binkley, 1979)
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what’s Siffre (1975) about
importance of zeitgebers/ being in a cave with no light made researcher’s circadian rhythm less stable and, a day ranged from 25-32 hours.
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evaluation
\-only one person was involved in the research, no control
\-ethical issue: damaging siffre’s mental health
\-ethical issue: damaging siffre’s mental health
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shift work
work at times when they should sleep
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Jet lag
Jet lag can occur in people travelling east to west, or west to east. It is caused by the rapid change in zeitgebers in relation to our biological rhythms.
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The effect of shift work
\- fatigue, depression, illness
\-Increased risk of cancer and heart disease
\-disastrous industrial accident
\-affect the judgement
\-suffering desynchronisation of the circadian rhythm
\-Increased risk of cancer and heart disease
\-disastrous industrial accident
\-affect the judgement
\-suffering desynchronisation of the circadian rhythm
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Phrase delay
Travelling from east to west. Eg. Shanghai to UK
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Phase advance
Travelling from west to east. Eg. UK to Beijing
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Various factors affect Jet lag
\-Direction of travel
\-Number of time zones crossed
\-Age. Jet lag decreases with age
\-individual differences Eg. phase tolerance
\-Number of time zones crossed
\-Age. Jet lag decreases with age
\-individual differences Eg. phase tolerance
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Techniques that can reduce jet lag
\-sleep well before the flight
\-adjust your flight behaviour
\-avoid caffeine and alcohol
\-When you arrive, immediately adjust to local zeitgebers
\-Go out into the morning daylight
\-melatonin can speed up resynchronisation and reduce jet lag
\-adjust your flight behaviour
\-avoid caffeine and alcohol
\-When you arrive, immediately adjust to local zeitgebers
\-Go out into the morning daylight
\-melatonin can speed up resynchronisation and reduce jet lag
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Electroencephalograph(EEG)
A recording of the electrical activity of the brain
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Desynchronised EEG
The brain is in an active and aroused state
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Synchronised EEG
A regular pattern of electrical activity
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Stage of NREM
\-Theta waves
\-sleep spindles
\-Delta waves
\-Slow Delta waves
\-sleep spindles
\-Delta waves
\-Slow Delta waves
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Ascending reticular formation, RF
The control of REM and NREM
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Locus coeruleus
Important in the control of REM
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Raphe nuclei
Essential for NREM