Urogenital Bacteriology Lec. 2 & 3 - Dr. Shamoun

What is the important take home of enterobacteriaceae?

survive and reproduce in both aerobic and anaerobic environments

What bacteria ferment lactose to "coliforms" ?

E.coli, Klebsiella, Enerobacter

What do enterobacterales grow in the presence of?

bile salts

Coliforms are used in environmental microbiology to suggest what?

fecal contamination

What is the most common cause of pyometra?

E.coli

E.coli on blood agar will look like what?

medium grey colonies

E.coli on MacConkey agar will look like?

pink colonies

What treatment for E.coli?

penicillin, amoxicillin, TMS

Klebsiella abundantly produces what?

capsular material

Think "___________" when you think of Klebsiella

mucoid

Klebsiella is a _______________ pathogen

opportunistic

What are major reservoirs of Klebsiella?

sawdust and shavings

What is one of the main virulence factors for klebsiella?

thick, mucoid capsule reistant to desiccation

Some K. pneumoniae produce?

urease

What type of infections are most common with Klebsiella?

UTI's

What bacteria is motile with peritrichous flagella and "swarming" motility?

Proteus

What is the habitat of proteus?

soil, water, intestinal tract

Proteus produces urease which results in what?

struvite stones and high urine pH

Where do we see proteus clinically?

UTI's, cystitis or pyelonephritis

What type of resistance does Proteus have?

plasmid-associated (tetracycline common)

Streptococcus spp is gram ___________

positive

What is the habitat of streptococcus?

commensals of mucus membranes

Where is streptococcus predominantly found?

upper respiratory and lower urogenital tract

What is the primary Streptococcus pathogen of humans?

S. pyogenes

What makes enterococcus different from Streptococcus?

it tolerates bile salts to grow on MacConkey agar

How is enterococcus observed on bacterial culture?

small grey colonies

What is enterococcus commonly associated with in dogs and cats?

subclinical bacteriuria

What type of antimicrobial resistance is common with enterococcus?

intrinsic

Enterococcus is highly susceptible to what that makes it acquire resistance?

horizontal gene transfer

Staphylococcus is gram + and non-motile,

________cellular

extra

Staphylococcus is a significant commensal of where?

the skin

Staphylococcus commonly clinically found with ___________

mastitis

Horses and pigs can carry what species of staph as part of their normal microbiota?

S. aureus

Would you normally see upper or lower urinary clinical signs with staphylococcus?

lower

Brucella is gram - , non-motile and has 2 chromosomes. What is the habitat?

reproductive organs

What is the transmission of Brucella?

ingestion of contaminated tissues and fluids

Brucella outcomes?

abortion, placentitis, orchitis, epididymitis

Brucella is less virulent with which outline?

rough

1 multiple choice option

If brucella is smooth colony then what is present?

outer-membrane LPS

Which bovine Brucella is known for abortion storms?

B. abortus

What transmission is common for B. abortus?

ingestion

Bovine brucellosis in what reservoir?

bison and elk

What species of Brucella is ovine and caprine?

B. melitensis

Which species of Brucella of permanently in the rough form?

B. canis

"undulant fever" is seen with which Brucella?

brucella in humans

Brucella diagnostics PCR what samples can you take?

abomasal fluid of aborted calves

What specific detection methods for B. abortus can you do?

rose-bengal plate test, brucella milk ring test

Brucella treatment?

antimicrobial tx is not practical and often ineffective

Long term cases may be needed in dogs, if so, what are you treating with?

tetracycline, fluoroquinolone, rifampin

What can you do for Brucella control?

vaccines in cattle

What is the main virulence factor of campylobacter?

cytolethal distending toxin (CDT)

What is the unique structural component of Campylobacter fetus?

microcapsule "S" layer

Which campylobacter species have a tropism for bovine hosts?

C. fetus subsp. veneralis

What other clinical dz is seen with campylobacter?

bovine & ovine genital campylobacteriosis

Chlamydia is ________ size and __________ to stain

small, difficult

What type of life cycle does chlamydia have?

biphasic (EB & RB)

Which body is infectious, elementary or reticulate?

elementary

What types of virulence factors does Chlamydia use?

adhesions, T3SS

What is the most common cause of abortion in goats in the USA?

enzootic abortion of ewes

What is enzootic abortion of ewes characterized by?

late term abortions, stillbirths, weak lambs

What can be given orally or parentally to ewes?

tetracyclines, vaccines

What resides and reproduces in the acidified phagolysosomes of host monocytes and macrophages?

coxiella burnetii

Where is seroprevalence for C. burnetti?

cattle diaries, sheep operations, small ruminant farmers

What is one pattern of transmission of C.burnetii?

organism circulates between wild animals and their ectoparasites, mainly ticks

What is another pattern of transmission?

organism resides in domestic ruminants, independent of the wild animal cycle

In what tissue is C.burnetti in high concentration?

placental and amniotic tissue

What is the difference between large cell and small cell variant?

large cell is vegetative form found in infected cells, small cell is extracellular infectious form

C.burnetti clinically seen in what species?

ruminants

What is a spirochete that is distinguished by a hook-shaped end?

leptospira

Lepto clincally in ruminants --> ?

abortion, stillbirth, agalactia

Lepto in horses --> ?

chronic uveitis "moon blindness"

Lepto in pigs?

repro failure, rodent adapted serovars

Lepto in dogs and cats --> ?

renal dz

What bacteria is associated with contagious equine metritis?

taylorella equigenitalis

How is taylorella equigenitalis primarily transmitted?

venereal contact during mating

What treatment for taylorella?

penicillins

What is preferred is control methods for taylorella, what is recommended?

strict biosecurity in breeding facilities, screening pre-breeding