Med Term Quiz 4 Pt.1

Thrombocytes

Platelets; clot blood

Blood

Transports foods, gases, and wastes to and from the cells of the body

What are some things that the blood transports?

Chemical messengers or hormones. Blood proteins, white blood cells, and platelets

45% of blood is made up of…

Cells

55% of blood is made up of…

Plasma, water, proteins, sugar, salts, hormones, lipids, vitamins

Erythrocytes

red blood cells transport nutrients and oxygen

Leukocytes

White blood cells

Basophils

Contains heparin and histamine

What does heparin do?

Prevents clotting (in basophils)

What is histamine involved in?

Allergic responses

Lymphocytes

Control the immune response; make antibodies to antigens

Eosinophils

phagocytic cells involved in allergic responses and parasitic infections

Neutrophils

phagocytic cells that accumulate at sites of infection

Monocytes

phagocytic cells that become macrophages and digest bacteria and tissue debris

Albumin (plasma protein)

Protein in the blood; Maintains concentration of water in blood

Globulins (plasma protein)

Immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE)

Fibrinogen

Plasma protein for clotting

Prothrombin

Plasma protein for clotting

Type A blood

A antigen and anti-B antibody

Type B blood

B antigen and anti-A antibody

Type AB blood

A and B antigens and no antibodies (universal recipient)

Type O blood

no A or B antigens and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies (universal donor)

Rh factor

Antigen on red blood cells of Rh-positive (RH+) individuals

Coagulation

Fibrin clot

Anticoagulants

Heparin, warfarin (Coumadin)

Antibody (Ab)

A specific protein produced by the lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses, or other antigens

Antigen

A substance that stimulates production of an antibody

What color do basophils appear on a stain?

Blue

What types of WBC contain granules?

Basophil, Eosinophil, Neutrophil

Bilirubin

Orange-yellow pigment in bile; formed by breakdown of hemoglobin when RBCs are destroyed

Colony-stimulating factor (CSF)

Protein that stimulates growth of white blood cells

Differentiation

The change in structure and function of a cell as it matures; specialization

Electrophoresis

A method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge

What color do Eosinophils appear on a stain?

Red

Erythroblast

An immature red blood cells

Erythrocyte

A red blood cell

erythropoietin (EPO)

Hormone secreted by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell formation

Fibrin

Protein that forms the basis of a blood clot

Fibrinogen

Plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process

Globulin

Plasma protein

Granulocyte

White blood cell with numerous dark-staining granules

Hematopoietic stem cell

A cell in bone marrow that gives rise to all types of blood cells

Hemoglobin

Blood protein containing iron; carries oxygen in red blood cells

Hemolysis

Destruction or breakdown of blood (red blood cells)

Heparin

An anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells

Immune reaction

Response of the immune system to foreign invasion

Immunoglobulin

A protein with antibody activity

Leukocyte

White blood cell

Lymphocyte

Mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies

Macrophage

engulfs foreign material and debris; destroys worn out RBCs

megakaryocyte

Large platelet precursor cell found in the bone marrow

Monocyte

Has 1 nucleus. engulfs foreign material and debris; becomes macrophage

Mononuclear

Pertaining to cell (leukocyte) with single round nucleus

Myeloblast

Immature bone marrow that gives rise to granulocytes

Neutrophil

polymorphonuclear leukocyte, formed in bone marrow

Plasma

Liquid portion of blood

What does plasma contain?

water, proteins, salts, nutrients, lipids, hormones, and vitamins

plasmapheresis

Removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge

Platelet

A small blood fragment important in clotting

Polymorphonuclear

Pertaining to a white blood cell with multi-shaped nucleus; neutrophil

Prothrombin

Plasma protein; converted to thrombin in the clotting process

Reticulocyte

Immature erythrocyte

Serum

Plasma minus clotting proteins and cells

Stem cell

Unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature,specialized forms

Thrombin

Enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation

Thrombocyte

Platelets

bas/o

Base

chrom/o

Color

coagul/o

clotting

cyt/o

cell

eosin/o

red, dawn, rosy

erythr/o

red

granul/o

granules

hem/o

blood

hemat/o

blood

hemoglobin/o

hemoglobin

is/o

same, equal

kary/o

nucleus

Leuk/o

white

Mon/o

One, single

Morph/o

Shape, form

Myel/o

Bone marrow

Neutr/o

neutral

Nucle/o

nucleus

phag/o

eat, swallow

poikil/o

varied, irregular

sider/o

iron

spher/o

globe, round

thromb/o

clot

Anemia

A deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin

Aplastic anemia

failure of blood cell production due to aplasia or absence of cell formation of bone marrow cells

Hemolytic anemia

reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction

Pernicious anemia

lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream

Sickle cell

hereditary disorder of abnormal hemoglobin producing sickle shape erythrocytes and hemolysis

Thalassemia

an inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, leading to hypochromia

Hemochromatosis

excess iron deposits throughout the body

Polycythemia vera

general increase in red blood cells

Hemophilia

excessive bleeding caused by the lack of one of the protein substances necessary for blood clotting

Purpura

multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin

Leukemia

an increase in cancerous white blood cells