Astronomy🌠

Core of a terrestrial

Highest density, Mostly metals iron & nickel

Mantle

Moderate density, Mix of rock and metals

Crust

Lowest density, Mostly rock

Lithosphere

Includes the crust and some of the mantle which is cool and rigid

Accretion

Kinetic energy of incoming plantesimals is covered into heat

Differentiation

Downward flow of dense material, light material get pushed upward

Radioactive Decay

Uranium, thorium, and potassium all go through nuclear decay which produces heat

Covection

Molten rock rises due to bouyancy forces

Conduction

Slower occurs in solid

Radiation

Occurs on the surface

What are the three conditions that satisfy a global magnetic field

Molten Metal Inferior, Convection must be occuring in the molten metal, and the planet must have a moderate rotation rate

Impact cratering

Caused by asteroids or come

Volcanism

Upload of molten material that erases craters

Tectonics

A force that acts in the lateral or tangential direction

Erosion

What is it called when a terrestrial is modified by fluid forces

Warmer interior

What cases there to be more volcanoes and volcanic gases

Perfect distance from the sun causes what?

Water will be in the liquid form

If the planet is too close what will happen?

Water will be in the gas form

If the planet is too far away what will happen?

Water will be in the solid form

What happens when there is a moderate rotation rate?

Weather is active on the planet

What is on the Lunar Highlands?

Hella crtaters and surface rocks are 4.5 billion years old

The Lunar Maria are……..

Have a very low crater count and is about 3.5 billion years old

what is the massive crater on Mercury called?

Caloris Basin which is 1/4 diameter

Giant Cliffs on Mercury

These run for 100 miles and 3 miles high

What is the southern Highlands known for and which planet are they on?

They are on mars and have a high impact cratering

What is the Northern Highlands known for?

They are on mars and have a low impact cratering

What is the massive canyon called and is on what planet?

Called the Valles Marineres which is located on Mars

Which Planet use to have liquid water on it's surface?

Mars

What were the reason for there being heat on Mars?

Collisional energy/ Radioactive decay

Which Planet has very thick clouds on it?

Venus

Which Planet has the least amount of craters on it?

Venus

Which Planets has a slow spin rate

Venus

what decreases when elevation increases?

Pressure

What does pressure do to the surface of a planet?

Keeps water in the liquid form

what is Scattering

It is what makes the daytime skies blue and evening skies red

What is Absorption

Prevents dangerous EM radiation (x-ray and UV light)

What is another thing that causes weather on a planet?

Atmosphere

What is the greenhouse effect?

This is where visible light is absorbed by the surface and creates heat

What are the 4 layers of the atmosphere?

Exosphere> Thermosphere> Stratosphere> Troposphere

Short wavelengths do what?

Scatter the most (Blue)

Long wavelengths do what?

Scatter less (Red)

What is the Corious Effect?

When wind is created from a pressure difference

What flows from highest to lowest?

Pressure

What is Corlous?

The earth has a CCW rotation of any low pressure that is in the northern hemisphere

Which Planet is Static?

Earth

Water vapor, Carbon dioxide, molecular nitrogen

What are the three volcanic out gassing involving that gain mechanisms for the atmosphere

Evaporation of surface liquids

What is the second source that gain mechanisms for atmosphere

Micro Meteorite

What is the third source that gain mechanisms for the atmosphere

Thermal escape

What is the first loss mechanisms for the atmosphere

condensation

What is the second loss mech for atmos

Solar wind

What is the third loss of mech for atmos

Chemical reactions

What is the fourth loss of the mech in the atmos

Impact cratering

What is the fifth loss of mech in the atmos

What happens to liquid on mars?

Turns into either a liquid or gas

Does mars have oxygen?

No it has no oxygen therefore has no ozone which protects organisms from the deadly UV that reaches the surface.

What is the seasons like on the northern hemisphere of Mars?

Winter is brief and summer is long

What is the seasons on the southern hemisphere?

Winter is long and summer is brief

What caused there to be a thicker atmosphere on mars long ago?

Volcanic out gassing

What causes the sky on mars to have to effects?

Gas molecules and Dust particles in the atmosphere

Which planet has a thick atmosphere now?

Venus

Which color of light can not reach venus’s surface?

Blue light

What type of clouds are on Venus?

Sulfuric Acid clouds

Why is Venus so hot?

This is due to the distance it is from the sun and volcanic out gassing that is not turned into rain

Which element is lost to space on Venus

Hydrogen

which planets are mostly hydrogen and helium

Jupiter and Saturn

which planets are smaller so the major composition is?

Uranus and neptune

what is metallic hydrogen?

Metallic hydrogen is a phase of hydrogen that behaves like a metal, conducting electricity under extreme pressure.

which planet has a weak gravity and pressure?

Saturn..

which planet has no additional energy?

Uranus

what gives jupiter it’s colors?

Hydrogen compounds: water, ammonia, methane

What makes clouds form on earth?

Water droplets

What makes Jupiter have clouds?

Gases condense into liquid droplets which makes clouds

What makes the three different clouds on Jupiter?