Ruminant Nutrition

When are dairy and beef cattle weaned?

8-9 wks, 6-8m

What kind of placenta do calves have?

epitheliochorial

What are the 3 Qs of colostrum

quality, quantity, quickly

What is the minimum and ideal IgG amount in quality colostrum?

min = >50g/L, ideal = >75g/L

Generally, colostrum is better quality in ____ and _____

beef, multiparous

What is the correct quantity of colostrum?

>200g IgG, roughly 10% of body weight

What is the typical volume of colostrum provided to calves?

4 L

What is the ideal time fram to provide colostrum?

2 hrs

When will serum total protein give an inaccurate number?

dehydrated, sick

What is the best test for assessment of colostrum?

in house turbidity test, fast, not too expensive,

What is the drawback for using GGT to assess colostrum?

only tells you if colostrum was ingested, nothing about quality of IgG

What is the serum total protein of poor passive transfer?

<5.1

calves need how much milk/milk replaced dailly?

10% bwt

plant-based protein can ve used in calf milk for calves > ___ wks old

2

For milk replaced, the crude protein MUST be greater then ____

20

During cold weather, calves will need an increase in which nutritional component?

fat

What nutritional component is most important in rumen development?

grain

What stimulates rumen development specifically?

VFAs like butyric acid and proprionic acid

what is a starter ration

highly palatable grain ration

How much protein is in a starter ration?

18%

you can offer calves hay when?

after 6wks

why creep feed beef calves?

increases weaning weights, distracts from free forage, helps with weaning transition

What should be the prtotein content of creep feeding?

12-18%

What is TMR?

total mixed ration

What is DMI?

dry matter intake

What is NPN

nonprotein nitrogen

Why would you want to give something as dry matter rather than as fed?

the dry matter form will have higher protein

What are the components of the ruminant diet?

water, fiber, startch, nitrogen, protein, vitamins

What is the rule of thumb for water intake in ruminants?

1-2 g/100lb/d

How is digestible fiber broken down?

by microbes in the rumen, turned into VFAs

How is non digestible fiber broken doqn?

passes through GI, mechanically destroyed

gin trash is a source of ____

fiber

what is the energy source for the adult ruminant?

starch

what imact does starch digestion have on pH

decreases pH

Distillers grain, gluten feed, and corn bran are all examples of ____

starch

What vitamins are made by the rumen?

K and B

What is the purpose of ionophores in cattle feed?

shifts to more prorionate acid

What do ionophores DECREASE?

methane, protein degradation, lactic acid, froth

What infectious agent do ionophores ocntrol?

coccidiosis

How much DMI should a cow get?

1-2% of bet

In ruminant feed, the higher the fiber the ___ ther energy

lower

What is the most important nutritional component for pregnant does?

dense energy - forage/hay

What is a DCAD diet?

a diet for pregnant diary cows in the last 3 weeks to make them acidic = more free Ca