Chapter 14 Quiz Review: Exploration and Trade

Songhai

West African kingdom ruled by Askia Mohammed who increased trade across the Sahara and revitalized Timbuktu as a center of Muslim learning.

Christopher Columbus

Italian captain, sailing for the monarchs of Spain, who reached the Americas in 1492.

Vasco da Gama

European explorer who was the first to find an all-water route to India.

Difference in exploration and trade projects

Spain and Portugal were under government control. The Dutch and the British used joint stock companies that were private and raised money through stocks to fund voyages.

Encomienda System

Form of labor where Europeans received grants of land and could use the indigenous people as laborers in return for protecting the Indians and supervising their spiritual and material needs.

Columbian Exchange

Directly contributed to the deaths of millions of indigenous Americans by bringing diseases such as small pox and black death.

Triangular Trade Route

Geometric term used to describe the trade route where Europe sent spices to Africa, Africa sent slaves to the Americas, and the Americas sent sugar to Europe.

Dutch East India Trade Company

European corporation/joint stock company that dominated the spice trade in South East Asia.

Cash crops

Crops that are grown to be traded.

Caribbean cash crops

Sugar, slaves for crops.

Southeast Asia cash crops

Spices, Dutch dominated southeast Asia.

West Africa cash crops

Slaves, labor to the Americans.

Atlantic/Maritime Europe cash crops

Manmade goods such as clothing, weapons, jewelry, etc. in exchange for slaves.