APHUG Unit 2 Population

Agricultural Density

The amount of farmers/ arable land

Better at indicating a country’s level of economic development rather than population distribution.

Aging population - impacts

Antinatalist Policies

Arable Land

Land that is farmable.

Arithmetic Density

The total population/ land area.

Does not account for the uneven distribution of population within a region.

Baby Boom

Boserup

Carrying Capacity

The maximum population size that can be supported by the available resources without damaging the environment or using natural resources unsustainably.

Census

A survey of the total population of a region done by a governing body.

Child Mortality Rate (CMR)

The number of deaths per 1000 children in the first 5 years of those children’s lives.

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

The number of live births occuring in one year per 1000 people.

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

The number of deaths occuring in one year per 1000 people.

Demography

The study of population statistics.

Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

Used by geographers to analyze and predict trends in population growth and decline, including patterns of births, deaths, and natural increase rates.

• Stage One: High CBR, High CDR, Low NIR,

Dependency Ratio

100 x (The # of people in a dependent age group/the number of people in the working age group)

Dependent age groups are

• under the age of 15 (youth dependency)

• over the age of 65 (elderly dependency)

Doubling Time

The number of years in which a population will double, assuming the growth rate remains stable.

Ecumene

The habitable areas of the world

Epidemiological Transition Model (ETM)

Predictable stages in disease and life expectancy that countries experience as they develop, which corresponds with the stages of the DTM.

Epidemiology

Epidemic

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

The number of children who die before 1 year of age.

J-Curve

The population growth has increased significantly after the Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions. This is known as the population j-curve.

Life Expectancy (Longevity Rate)

The number of years the average person will live.

Malthusian Theory

Malthus, Thomas

Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR)

The annual numner of female deaths per 100,000 live births from any cause to pregnancy.

Medical Revolution

Neo-Malthusians

Natural Increase Rate (NIR)/ Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)

(CBR - CDR)/10

Does not account for migration.

Overpopulation

Pandemic

Physiological Density

Total population/ arable land

Population Concentrations

Population Density

The number of people living in an area.

Population Distribution (ESPN)

Population Explosion

Population Growth Rate

Births - Deaths + immigrants - Emigrants

Accounts for migration

Population Pyramid

Shows the population structure/composition of a location. Used to assess population growth and decline and to predict markets for goods and services.

Pro Natalist Policies

Redistricting

The process of redrawing electoral district boundaries after the census every 10 years.

Sex Ratio (Gender Ratio)

The proportion of males to females in a population.

There may be few women or men in a society due to:

• war

• insufficient healthcare for women

• migration

• gendercide/sex-selective abortions

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

The average number of children who would be born per woman during their childbearing years.

Zero Population Growth (ZPG)

Where is the global population?

2/3 of the world’s 7-8 billion people are found in the four following regions:

• Western Europe

• East Asia

• South Asia

• Southeast Asia

Population Distribution (“5 toos”)

People do not settle in places that are too hot, cold, wet, hilly, or dry.

They are likley to settle in places with:

• low elevation

• fertile soil

• temperate climates

• near a body of water.

LDCs and MDCs

• LDC - Least Developed Countries

• MDC - Most Developed Countries