FLOWERS PART 1

gymnosperms, cycads, and ferns.

gymnosperms, cycads, and ferns.

dominant forms of flower

angiosperms

dominant form of plant life over most of the earth’s land surface

ovaries

protect ovules and developing seeds; mature into fruits that promote seed dispersal

flower structure

encourages pollinator fidelity; nectar and pollen to reward pollinators

angiosperm

fast reproductive cycle compared to gymnosperms

flowers

reproductive structures

flowers

a series of modified leaves

rings (whorls)

These leaves(flowers) are arranged in

•Calyx (sepals)

•Corolla (petals)

•Androecium (stamens)

•Gynoecium (pistils)

Flowers are composed of four whorls. From the outside, they are:

calyx

•Outermost whorl

•Usually green

•Protects developing flower

•Made up of SEPALS

•Sepals free or not

sepals

Usually green; leaflike structures that protect the flower, as it forms and emerges.

calyx

group of sepals on a flower

corolla

•Is usually colorful and showy

•Attracts pollinators

•Guides pollinators

•Is composed of petals

•Petals may be united or separate

petals

•Located just inside the sepals

•Leaf-like and often very colorful

corolla

•The collection of petals on a flower

perianth

•The sepals and the petals of a flower. (Not the reproductive parts.)

tepals

•When there is no clear distinction between the sepals and the petals...they are called

androecium

•Is composed of stamens

•Stamens have filaments and anthers

•Pollen is produced in anthers

•Stamens can be free or united

stamens

•Male reproductive parts of a flower

•Arranged around the female parts

anther

•Part of the stamen

•Produces and holds pollen

filament

•Stalk that holds up the anther

gynoecium

•Is composed of pistils

•A pistil is composed of an ovary, style, and stigma.

carpel

•Each theoretical leaf unit is termed a

Pistil

= 1 or more carpels

pea pod

a mature pistil made up of 1 carpel

2 carpels

•Pistils with 2 style branches and/or chambers in the ovary are said to have

3 carpels

•Pistils with 3 style branches and/or chambers are said to have

stigma

•Found at the end of the pistil

•Has a sticky surface to catch pollen

style

•The neck of the pistil

ovary

•Part of the pistil that contains the ovules

ovule

•The part of the flower in which the eggs are produced and seeds develop

superior ovary

•ovary above the calyx and corolla

partially inferior

•Ovary near above and below flower parts

inferior ovary

ovary below the calyx and corolla

hypanthium

If the corolla and calyx are attached to a cup or tube that is then attached to the receptacle, the cup or tube is called a 

receptacle

The top floral whorls are attached to the —

the tissue where the stalk to the flower changes to being part of the flower

pedicels

•Flowers are borne on

pollination

first major step in the reproduction of seed plants like gymnosperms and angiosperms

complete flowers

•Have all 4 basic parts:

•Sepals, petals, stamens and pistil

incomplete flowers

•Flowers that are missing one of the four basic parts

perfect flowers

•Flowers that have both male and female parts

imperfect flowers

•Flowers that lack one of the sex structures

monoecious

•refers to a species

•separate male and female flowers on the same plant

dioecious

•refers to a species

•separate male and female flowers on different plants

monoecious

Is corn monoecious or dioecious?