PSY 420 Exam 1: NCSU: McLaughlin

bohr

who is associated with pure basic research?

pasteur

who is associated with use-inspired research?

edison

who is associated with pure applied research?

pasteur

whose type of research is relevant for both the advancement of knowledge and for immediate applications

bohr

whose type of research is useful for the advancement of knowledge?

edison

whose type of research is useful for immediate applications?

cognitive psychology

the study of knowledge

1879

in what year was the first psychology laboratory established?

wundt

who established the first psychology lab?

biology and philosophy

before 1879, what was psychology associated with?

conscious mental events

what was wundt's focus on when he built the psychology lab?

atomic elements

wundt was trying to break down consciousness into its ________ _________.

introspect

wundt trained students to ____________ about their mental processes

introspection

the process through which one "looks within" to observe and record the contents of one's own mental life.

observable, test

the problems with introspection were that thoughts are not directly _________ and it is impossible to _____ objectively.

carefully documenting his experiments

what was a major contribution of wundt?

behaviorism

_______ overcame the limitations posed by introspection.

behaviorism

____________ uncovered principles of how behavior changes in response to stimuli, such as rewards and punishment

thorndike

who said that we don't need to worry about the mind, we can study everything through observable behavior?

observable behavior

thorndike believed that we don't need to worry about the mind, we can study everything through ___________ ____________.

animal models, stimulus response

what 2 things did thorndike use to study behaviorism?

stimulus-response

one problem with behaviorism was that __________ accounts were not enough.

mental

one problem with behaviorism was that behavior does have a ___________ cause.

stimuli

different _______ elicit the same behavior.

Ex) can you please pass the salt? vs. Salt, please.

EC Tolman

who used the language of the behaviorists, but touched on cognitive psychology?

not scientific

from introspection and behaviorism, cognitive (experimental) psychologists learned that introspective methods for studying mental events are ____ _________.

response time, accuracy, memory tests

what are the 3 research tools developed by behaviorists that we still use today?

indirectly

how do cognitive psychologists study mental events?

stimuli, responses

cognitive psychologists study mental events indirectly by measuring _________ and ___________.

form new memories

what was Henry Molaison (HM) unable to do?

hippocampus

what part of the brain makes long term memories out of short term memories?

working memory

temporary memory storage

span test

test that measures working-memory capacity

no

is working memory unitary?

executive

the working memory system is composed of a central ____________.

span test

what is this an example of: hearing a list of random and animals and being asked to put them in alphabetical order. The number of animals you correctly alphabetize is recorded

short term memory and speed

what are two other components of working memory?

none

what test directly measures working memory?

executes orders

what does the central executive do?

articulatory rehearsal loop, visualspatial sketchpad

what are the 2 components of the central executive?

articulatory rehearsal loop

what is the device in your brain that you are using when you repeat something over and over again in your head so you don't forget it?

subvocalization, phonological buffer

what are the 2 components of the articulatory rehearsal loop?

visualspatial sketchpad

what is the device in your brain that you are using when you think of pictures or images in your head?

components

evidence from cognitive neuroscience supports that working memory has ________.

experiment

manipulation and measurement

independent variable

what is manipulated in an experiment

dependent variable

the variable that is measured in an experiment

memory, verbal information

the phonological loop is a part of ________. It is not attached to the ear or being able to hear. It is a way of holding _________ ___________ temporarily in memory.

observable data

multiple lines of evidence must be used when hypothesizing mechanisms used to explain _____________ __________.

experiments

__________ allow cognitive psychologists to understand internal complex mechanisms in a simpler, more constrained manner.

target

in the sternberg paradigm experiment, the number present is called the what?

foil

in the sternberg paradigm, the number not present is called the what?

information is just information, processing is symbolic, computer metaphor, stages

what are the 4 ways that the sterberg paradigm is information processing?

capgras syndrome

a relatively rare disorder, resulting from specific forms of brain damage, in which the afflicted person recognizes the people in his or her world but denies that they are who they appear to be. Instead, the person insists, these familiar individuals are well-disguised imposters.

no

does anyone know the underlying cause of capgras syndrome?

sight, feeling

when a patient has capgras caused by a brain injury, the connection between _______ and ________ is broken.

amygdalar

_________ damage results in a lack of emotional response (related to capgras syndrome)

prefrontal cortex

_________ _________ is responsible for reasoning and therefore illogical thoughts are not filtered out in someone with capgras syndrome.

dissociated

factual and emotional knowledge are __________ because they involve two separate mechanisms.

complement

cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience __________ each other.

forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

what are the 3 major sections of the brain?

hindbrain

which of the 3 major sections of the brain:

-on the spinal cord

-basic rhythms

-alertness

-cerebellum

cerebellum

which part of the brain:

-movements and balance

-sensory and cognitive roles

midbrain

which of the 3 major sections of the brain:

-coordinates movement, especially eye movement

-includes parts of the auditory pathways

-regulates the experience of pain

forebrain

which of the 3 major sections of the brain:

-cortex, convlusions

-subcortical structures

left prefrontal cortex

what part of Phineas Gage's brain was damaged by the rod that went through it?

surface area

the folds of the brain allow for more ________ ______ and better processing and function.

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

what are the four lobes of the brain?

thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system

what are the 3 subcortical parts of the forebrain?

amygdala, hippocampus

what 2 things make up the limbic system?

parietal

which lobe is responsible for motor function and spatial awareness?

thalamus

which part of the brain is the relay station?

hypothalamus

which part of the brain is responsible for the 4 Fs?

fleeing, fighting, feeding, fing

what are the 4 Fs that the hypothalamus is responsible for?

hippocampus

which part of the brain is the "memory hub"?

commissures

what connects the hemispheres of the brain?

corpus callosum

what is the largest commissure?

corpus callosum

what part of the brain is severed in split brain patients?

epilepsy

severing of the corpus callosum is sometimes used to treat what?

contralateral

cortical organization is _________. Meaning that the left side of the body or perceptual world has more representation on the right side of the brain and vice versa.

left

which hemisphere of the brain produces language?

forming images

how does the right side of the brain communicate with the left side of the brain?

left

which brain hemisphere contains the desire to explain and understand?

right

which brain hemisphere recognizes faces?

left

which brain hemisphere focuses on the elements that make up faces?

clinical neuropsychology

seeks (among other goals) to understand the functioning of intact, undamaged brains by careful scrutiny of cases involving brain damage.

lesions

the psychological term for damage

CT, PET, MRI, fMRI, EEG

what are the 5 types of neuroimaging?

hemoglobin

what is detected in fMRIs that allows us to see the active parts of the brain?

EEG

which type of neuroimaging:

-buildup of chemicl neurotransmitter

-firing of action potential in a neuron

-millions of neurons create an electrical field

time

EEG is sensitive to _____, not location

PET, fMRI

________ and _______ detect location but are not time sensitive. (types of neuroimaging)

CT, MRI

______ and _______ scans detect brain structures, not activity

fusiform face area

what area of the brain is active when viewing faces?

parahippocampal place area

what area of the brain is active when viewing houses?

prosopagnosia

what is the term for face blindness? Caused by lesions to the FFA

transcranial magnetic stimulation

what deactivates a brain area?

brain area

the greater the precision of motor projection, the greater the ___________ ________.

contralateral body part

in the somatosensory area of the brain, the main input comes from the ____________ _________ ________.

space

in the visual and auditory projection areas, input comes from both eyes, but from the contralateral ________.