Mitosis and Stem Cells

Amaphase

is when the spindle fibres shorten and pull the chromosomes apart to the two poles.

Metaphase

is when the spindle fibres attach to the chromosomes at the centrometre (a constricted region of a chromosome)

Mitosis

is the process of cell division, in which the cell divides into two, and then into two again and again.

Prophase

is when the DNA unwinds and condenses into chromosomes and the nucleus breaks down.

cell cycle

The contains 6 main steps= Interphase (in between), prophase (prepare), metaphase (middle), amaphase (apart), telophase (two) and finally cytokinesis (division)

Rejection

can often happen in treatments to cure leukaemia as can occur when trying to give the patient white blood cells, and the white blood cells could attack the cells of either the patient or the cells that were implanted.

cytokinesis

Finally, is when the cytoplasm splits to create two separate genetically identical diploid cells.

Zygote

- fertilised egg cell.

Telophase

is when a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes, separating them to form two new nuclei.

Clone

- to make a genetically identical copy.

Embryos

are made from mitosis when the egg cell becomes a zygote (fertilised egg cell) and divides to make the .

Differentiation

happens at a young age, and so all specialised cells are made at the early stages of life.

Cell Division

Stage one ()- Replication of DNA to form two copies of each chromosome and synthesis of new subcellular structures.

arent split

During Mitosis, the chromosomes - the chromosome amount stays exactly the same in the previous cell, and the cell which was made from the previous cell will have the exact same amount of chromosomes as the previous cell.

Adult stem cells

are found only in certain places in the body within differentiated tissues for example bone marrow.

Stem cells

can cure illnesses such as cancer, leukaemia, Huntingdons and Parkinsons disease.

cell division

The tissue at the tip of the plant where takes place.

Differentiate

- to change from undifferentiated to .

Stem cells

can divide and differentiate through mitosis.

Stage one (Cell Division)

Replication of DNA to form two copies of each chromosome and synthesis of new subcellular structures

Stage 3

cell divides into two

Stem cells come in two types

embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells

Differentiate

to change from undifferentiated to differentiated

Meristems

the tissue at the tip of the plant where cell division takes place

Zygote

fertilised egg cell

Elongate

to make something longer

Redifferentiate

to differentiate again

Clone

to make a genetically identical copy