Cells

Nucleus

A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction

Nucleolus

Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes

Golgi

A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell

Cytosol

Fluid portion of cytoplasm

Cytoplasm

A jelly-like fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended

Mitochondria

"Powerhouse of the cell", organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production

Chloroplast

Plant cells; captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy

Cell Membrane

Thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell

Cell Wall

Plant cells; rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell

Vacuole

Stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

Ribosomes

Site of protein synthesis; formed in the nucleolus

Lysosomes

Filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell; only in animal cells

Peroxisome

Various specialized metabolic functions; produces hydrogen peroxide as a by-product, then converts it to water

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another.

Centriole

Animal cell; helps to organize cell division

Centrosome

Functions as a microtubule-organizing center and is important during cell division; has two centrioles

Chromosome

A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus; consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.

Chromatid

Each half of a chromosome

Centromere

Region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach

Mitotic Spindle

A structure made of microtubules that controls chromosome movement during mitosis