Organism diversity!! (kill me)

Annelid characteristics

segmented body, closed circulatory system, protostome, burrowing demons

Annelid examples

earthworm and leech

Sponges

parazoan (no true tissue), sessile (don’t move), has choanocytes

Choanocytes

flagellated cells for food in sponges

Ctenophora

comb jellies, largest animal that uses cilia for locomotion

Platyhelminthes examples

flatworm, tapeworm, fluke

Fluke

infect snails, has larvae stage

Platyhelminthes characteristics

bilateral symmetry, ACOELMATE, parasites

Protonephridia

First evidence of kidney-FLAME BULB in flatworm

Mollusk characteristics

radula, calcium carbonate shell, mantle

Mollusk examples

octopus, snail, slug, clam

Mollusca bivalvia

clams + oysters

Mollusca cephalopoda

octopus + squid + cuttlefish

Mollusca gastropoda

snail + slug

Nemotoda

Roundworms, diseases

Cnidarian characteristics

radial symmetry, protostome, medusae (movement), polyps (attachment)

Cnidarian examples

jellyfish and sea anemone

Flatworms are…

acoelomates

Roundworms are…

pseudocoelomates

Arthropoda characteristics

open circulatory system, jointed appendages, exoskeleton

Arthropoda examples

lobster, spider, shrimp, insect

Arthropoda have…

hemotroph: Cu instead of Fe in blood, BLUE blood

Complete metamorphosis

larvae stage b4 adult

Incomplete metamorphosis

babies resemble adults, then molt

Echinoderm examples

sand dollar, sea urchin, sea star

Echinoderm characteristics

5 part radial symmetry, all live in ocean, deuterostomes

Mosses/Bryophytes

dominant gametophyte, flagellated sperm, NO vascular tissue, heterosporous (2 types of spores)

Chordata

dorsal hollow nerve chord, deuterostomes, four chambered hearts

Evidence for chordates & echinoderm common ancestor

embryonic formation is similar

Antheridium

produces male gamete in plants

Archegonium

produces female gamete in plants

Monilophyte/Lycophyte

dominant sporophyte, lignin, VASCULAR TISSUE, homosporous (1 type of sperm)

Megaphyll

large leaves with veins, allow more light absorption, in ferns gymnosperm angiosperm

Microphyll

small leaves with no veins, Lycophyte

Prothallus

heart-shaped structure with antheridium (bottom of heart) and archegonium (top of heart)- MONILOPHYTES/FERNS

Double fertilization results in…

An embryo and endosperm (nutrients/nourishment for embryo)

Gymnosperm

cone bearing plants, tracheids (have vascular tissue), seed/ovule in sporophyll (special leaves)

Angiosperm

flower plants, fruit, monocot (seed 1 structure), dicot (seed 2 structure)

Sporangium

makes spores

Sori

clusters of sporangium, under leaves, MONILOPHYTES

Sporophyte

DIPLOID, MAKES SPORES

Gametophyte

HAPLOID, MAKES GAMETES

Alteration of generations (bryophyte)

Sporophyte dependent/on gametophyte!!, DOMINANT GAMETOPHYTE, Process: gametophyte → sporophyte → sporangium -(meiosis)→ spore -(mitosis)→ sperm & egg → zygote → gametophyte

Alteration of generations (monilophyte)

DOMINANT SPOROPHYTE, Process: sporophyte → sori → sporangium -(Meiosis)→ spore -(mitosis)→ prothallus → zygote (fiddlehead?) → sporophyte

Punctuate evolution/equilibrium

Rapid shift in evolution with little periods of change after, long periods of no evolution followed by bursts of rapid change

Gradualism

slow, gradual evolution

Allopatric speciation

geographic isolation restricts gene flow between populations

Sympatric speciation

a reproductive barrier isolates a subset of a population without geographic separation from the parent species- POLYPLOIDY