Lab Solvents and their properties

Density of Water (H₂O)

1 g/mL

Density of Methanol (MeOH)

0.79 g/mL

Density of Ethanol (EtOH)

0.79 g/mL

Density of Isopropanol (IPA)

0.79 g/mL

Density of Acetone

0.79 g/mL

Density of Acetonitrile (MeCN)

0.78 g/mL

Density of DMF

0.94 g/mL

Density of DMSO

1.10 g/mL

Density of THF

0.89 g/mL

Density of Ethyl Acetate (EtOAc)

0.90 g/mL

Density of Diethyl Ether (Et₂O)

0.71 g/mL

Density of MTBE

0.74 g/mL

Density of Hexanes

0.67 g/mL

Density of Toluene

0.87 g/mL

Density of Benzene

0.88 g/mL

Density of Dichloromethane (DCM)

1.33 g/mL

Density of Chloroform (CHCl₃)

1.48 g/mL

Density of Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl₄)

1.59 g/mL

Acid/Base of Water

Amphoteric, pka ~ 15.7

Acid/Base of Methanol

Weak acid, pka ~ 15.5

Acid/Base of Ethanol

Weak acid, pka ~ 16

Acid/Base of Isopropanol

Weak acid, pka ~ 17

Acid/Base of Acetone

Very weak acid, neutral behavior, pka ~ 20

Acid/Base of Acetonitrile

Very weak acid, pka ~ 25

Acid/Base of DMF

Weak base, pka of conjugate acid ~ -1 (basic lone pair on N)

Acid/Base of DMSO

Weak base, pka of conjugate acid ~ -1.7

Acid/Base of THF

Weak lewis base, pka ~ 35

Acid/Base of Ethyl Acetate

Neutral, pka ~ 25

Acid/Base of Diethyl Ether

Weak lewis base, no notable pka

Acid/Base of MTBE

Weak base, no notable pka

Acid/Base of Hexanes

Neutral, pka ~ 50

Acid/Base of Heptane

Neutral pka ~ 50

Acid/Base of Toluene

Very weak acid, pka ~ 41

Acid/Base of Benzene

Extremely weak acid, pka ~ 43

Acid/Base of Dichloromethane

Very weakly acidic, pka ~ 29

Acid/Base of Chloroform

Weakly acidic almost neutral, pka ~ 29

Acid/Base of Carbon Tetrachloride

No acidic H so neutral

Solvent Type of Water

Polar protic (hydroxyl)

Solvent Type of Methanol

Polar protic (alcohol)

Solvent Type of Ethanol

Polar protic (alcohol)

Solvent Type of Isopropanol

Polar protic (alcohol)

Solvent Type of Acetone

Polar aprotic (ketone)

Solvent Type of Acetonitrile

Polar aprotic (nitrile)

Solvent Type of DMF

Polar aprotic (amide)

Solvent Type of DMSO

Polar aprotic (sulfoxide)

Solvent Type of THF

Polar aprotic (cyclic ether)

Solvent Type of Ethyl Acetate

Polar aprotic (ester)

Solvent Type of Diethyl Ether

Ether (ether)

Solvent Type of MTBE

Ether (ether)

Solvent Type of Hexanes

Nonpolar (alkane)

Solvent Type of Heptane

Nonpolar (alkane)

Solvent Type of Toluene

Nonpolar (aromatic)

Solvent Type of Benzene

Nonpolar (aromatic)

Solvent Type of Chloroform

Halogenated (haloalkane)

Solvent Type of Carbon Tetrachloride

Halogenated (haloalkane)

Solvent Type of Dichloromethane

Halogenated (haloalkane)

Water Miscible

Water

Methanol

Ethanol

Acetone

Acetonitrile

DMF

DMSO

Partially Water Miscible

Isopropanol

THF

Ethyl acetate

Diethyl ether

Not Water Miscible

MTBE

Hexanes

Toluene

Benzene

Dichloromethane

Chloroform

Carbon tetrachloride