PSIO LAB Block 3

Esophagus function and sphincter

ingestion

Upper esophageal sphincter: regulate swallowing reflex and keeps excess air out of esophagus when not in use

Peristalsis - occurs to move food

Lower esophagel sphincter - prevents reflux of contents from stomach

Pyloric sphincter

keeps contents in stomach until liquified and regulates slow release of chyme

Stomach Layers and function

Muscosa

Submucosa

Muscualris

Serosa

digestion

Small intestine parts and sphincter and function

1. Duodenum

2. Jejunum

3. Ileum

ilocecal sphincter: valve separating the small from the large intestine

absorption and digestion

How does the small intestine do so much absorption

1. Plicae circularis (circular folds)

2. Villi

3. Microvilli

Large intestine function and sphincter and function

Function: absorbs remaining water

Internal anal sphincter(SM)

External anal sphincter (skeletal muscle) of anus

absorption and elimination

Teeth and their functions

Molars: grind food

Premolars: crush and grind food

Canines: tear food

Incisors: cut food

Enamel function

protect the tooth from wear and tear

Dentin

makes up the majority of the tooth

Pulp cavity

contains pulp (connective tissue containing nerves and BV)

Cementum

bone-like substance that attaches the root to the periodontal ligament

Periodontal Ligament

helps anchor the tooth to the underlying bone

Apical Foramen

opening at the base of root canal through which BV, lymph vessels, an nerves enter a tooth

Liver and gallbladder functions

Produces bile (single unit is known as a lobule)

Gallbladder - stores and concentrates bile

Pancreas functions

Endo and exocrine

Exocrine: secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate into duodenum through duodenal papilla

Oral cavity function

ingestion and digestion

Peritoneal folds that holds the small intestine to the posterior abdomnial wall

Mesentary

Peritoneal folds that holds the large intestine to the posterior abdominal wall

Mesocolon

Peritoneal folds that binds the liver to the anterior abdominal wall

Falciform ligament

Peritoneal folds that is a layer of fat that loosely covers the transverse colon and small intestine

Greater Omentum

Peritoneal folds that connects the medial curve of the stomach with the liver

Lesser Omentum

Bile flow from heaptocytes of liver to hepatopancreatic sphincter

Hepatocytes of liver lobule

Bile cancaliculi

bile ductule

R/L Hepatic duct

Common Hepatic duct

Common Bile Duct

Cystic Duct to Gallbladder

Gallbladder

Cystic duct to common bile duct

hepatopancreatic sphincter

Stratified Squamous Esophogus

Stomach

Gastric pits above, gastric glands below

Small intestine

Large intestine

Salivary Gland Histology

Secretory cells:

• serous acini/cells-watery fluid, enzyme (yellow arrow)

• Mucous cells - mucus (thick) (red arrow)

Duct cells:

• form ducts leading to oral cavity (blue arrow)

liver lobule go to goodnotes to label

Pancreas - islets of Langerhands (endocrine)

acini (exocrine)