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What is SDG 3?
Good Health and Wellbeing:
-Contributes to the achievement of the many SDGs, in turn the achievement of other SDGs helps to achieve good health and wellbeing.
-Ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all at all ages.
What are the key features of SDG 3?
-Maternal and child health and wellbeing.
-Communicable diseases.
-Non-communicable diseases.
What are the key features of maternal and child health and wellbeing?
Reduce maternal mortality.
End preventable deaths of new-borns and children under five.
What are the causes of maternal mortality?
Severe bleeding, mostly after birth (haemorrhage), infection, usually after childbirth (sepsis), unsafe abortion, malnutrition in women and children.
What are the actions that could be taken to prevent maternal mortality?
All women have access to sexual health and reproductive healthcare services, universal health coverage must be achieved, preventing deaths of new-borns and children under 5.
What is the action “All women should have access to sexual health and reproductive healthcare services, including antenatal care” ?
Antenatal care means there are qualified healthcare workers available who can monitor the health of the mother and baby to reduce risks and complications and reduce deaths. A minimum of four antenatal visits are needed.
What is the action “ universal health coverage must be achieved”?
Blood pressure can be monitored and treated, which can prevent death from eclampsia and pre-eclampsia, as well as receiving treatment for HIV if needed and immunisation to prevent infection.
What is the action “preventing deaths of new-borns and children under 5”?
Access to universal healthcare, immunisation, clean water and sanitation, provide access to nutritious food, encourage breastfeeding, sexual and reproductive healthcare.
What actions can be taken to prevent deaths of new-borns and children under 5?
All women have access to sexual and reproductive healthcare services, including antenatal care and safe birthing practices, provide access to nutritious food, encourage breastfeeding, sexual and reproductive healthcare.
What is the action “all women have access to sexual and reproductive healthcare services, including antenatal care and safe birthing practices”?
Provide access to nutritious food, encourage breastfeeding, sexual and reproductive healthcare.
What action is “provide access to nutritious food”?
Many children continue to die from malnutrition so it is important they are provided with nutritious food once breastfeeding has finished.
What action is “encourage breastfeeding”?
Breastfeeding ensures new-borns are well-nourished. Breast milk also provides immunity against infection and helps protect deaths from dehydration due to diarrhoea and malnutrition.
What action is “sexual and reproductive healthcare”?
Qualified healthcare workers can monitor the health of the mother and baby and reduce risks leading to premature birth. Safe birthing practices help reduce death from sepsis (poisoning) and complications during birth such as asphyxia and birth trauma.
What is the key feature; communicable disease?
-End the epidemics of AIDs, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis.
-It aims tor educe the impact of communicable diseases with a focus on long-term diseases with the largest burden.
What actions end the AIDs epidemic?
Increase knowledge and understanding about HIV and AIDs, fund research and development into finding a vaccine, remove barriers of discrimination, increase access to and the use of condoms, promote gender equality, invest in healthcare services to enable diagnosis and access to ART treatment.
What action is “increase knowledge and understanding of HIV and AIDS”?
There is currently no vaccine or cure for the disease, which means there is currently no way to cure someone with HIV/AIDS. ART can help prevent the transition from HIV to AIDS but does not cure the disease.
What action is “remove barriers to discrimination of those with HIV/AIDS”?
Many HIV/AIDS sufferers face discrimination and stigma, which prevents them from seeking diagnosis and treatment.
What action is “increase the access to, and the use of, condoms”?
Condoms help to prevent the spread of the HIV but many couples are unable to access or afford them or do not understand why they are important to use.
What are the actions for ending the malaria epidemic?
More effective medicines, more access to the indoor spraying of homes, mass distribution of insecticide-treated bed nets.
What action is “more effective medicines”?
The malaria parasite is developing resistance to the current pesticides and antimalarial medicines, so it is important to develop medicines that will remain effective in treating and preventing malaria.
What action is “more access to the indoor spraying of homes”?
Spraying the indoor rooms where people live is an effective way to kill mosquitoes indoors and prevent them from coming into homes.
What action is “mass distribution of insecticide-treated bed nets”?
Mosquitoes bite children and adults while they sleep and bed nets keep people protected from mosquitoes that carry malaria.
What is tuberculosis?
A disease that affects the lungs and is highly contagious and is caused by bacteria spread via the air.
What are the actions for ending the TB epidemic?
Funding for development of new and better ways to diagnosed TB and develop resistant drugs and vaccines, provide universal health coverage.
What action is “funding for development of new and better ways to diagnose TB and develop resistant drugs and vaccines”?
Better vaccines are currently being developed to prevent TB in adults and to better treat drug-resistant TB.
What action is “provide universal health coverage”?
This would mean that all people would have access to vaccination, early detection and effective treatment, especially those who are poor and are at greater risk.
What action is “access to clean water and sanitation”?
This is important in preventing the spread of TB, particularly through access to sanitation.
What are Neglected Tropical Diseases?
-NTDs are a broad group of 20 diseases and conditions that mainly occur in tropical and subtropical environments.
-The range of diseases are transmitted differently and caused by a variety of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi and toxins.
-Two parasitic conditions that are responsible for considerable morbidity and disability are schistomiasis which affects over 220 million people, and trachoma, which is responsible for an estimated 1.9 million people being visually impaired.
What is schistomiasis?
A worm infection that occurs when people swim, bathe or have contact with fresh water contaminated with human excreta.
What is trachoma?
A bacterial infection of the eye that can cause complications including blindness.
What actions end the epidemic of NTDs?
Access to clean water and sanitation, veterinary public health measures for diseases and infections that are transmitted between animals and humans.
What is the action “access to clean water and sanitation”?
Many NTDs are spread through contaminated water or breed in stagnant water. Clean water and sanitation will help to limit the breeding of pathogens.
What is the action “veterinary public health measures for infections that are transmitted between animals and humans”?
Animals that carry pathogens can transfer these to people who live and work in close contact with them. Veterinary practices can remove microbes or prevent them spreading, including mass vaccination of dogs to prevent rabies.
What are the actions for combatting hepatitis?
Large-scale vaccination programs for hepatitis A, B and E, safe practices in healthcare and settings for blood and surgical safety.
What action is “large-scale vaccination programs for hepatitis A, B and E” ?
Can be prevented through immunisation. particularly hepatitis B vaccinations, which can be given to new-borns in the first 24 hours.
What action is “safe practices in healthcare settings to ensure blood and surgical safety”?
This will reduce the chances of people getting hepatitis B and C through unsafe injections and medical procedures. Blood supplies can be screened and confirmed safe before being used for blood transfusions.