Reaching a Verdict in Criminal Trials

These flashcards cover the key concepts and procedures related to jury instruction and trials, outcomes such as guilt and acquittal, and sentencing principles.

What is the purpose of the judge's charge to the jury?

To instruct the jury on the law they must follow in reaching their verdict.

What standard must the prosecution meet to prove a defendant's guilt?

The prosecution must prove the defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

What happens during jury deliberation?

Jurors discuss the evidence presented and decide on the guilt or innocence of the defendant.

What is a hung jury?

A hung jury is a jury that is unable to reach an agreement regarding the guilt or innocence of a defendant.

What is the effect of a mistrial?

A mistrial means the trial ends early, and the prosecutor may decide whether to retry the case.

What is an Allen charge?

An Allen charge is additional instructions given by a judge to encourage jurors to reconsider their positions and reach a verdict.

What does acquittal mean in a criminal trial?

Acquittal means the jury finds the defendant not guilty, indicating the prosecution failed to prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

What does double jeopardy prohibit?

Double jeopardy prohibits being tried twice for the same offense after acquittal or conviction.

What are the three essential concepts of sentencing?

Proportionality, equity, and social debt.

What are the five primary goals of sentencing?

Retribution, incapacitation, deterrence, rehabilitation, and restoration.

What is structured sentencing?

Structured sentencing is a system that provides fixed terms and reduces judicial discretion in sentencing.

What are some consequences of indeterminate sentencing?

Indeterminate sentencing led to inequity in sentencing and was criticized for allowing too much judicial discretion.

What is the role of presentence investigations in sentencing?

Presentence investigations gather information about the offender to inform the judge's sentencing decision.