endocrine

Where specifically do endocrine glands secrete their products?

directly into the interstitial fluid

Where specifically do exocrine glands secrete their products?

through ducts onto an epithelial surface

What do we call the study of the endocrine system?

endocrinology

What is the technical name of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

adenohypophysis

The hypothalamus controls secretion by the anterior pituitary by:

secreting regulatory hormones into a tiny portal system

What hypothalamus hormone targets the kidneys and causes the reabsorption of water, elevating blood pressure?

antidiuretic hormone

What pituitary hormone promotes the release of steroids from the adrenal cortex?

adrenocorticotropic hormone

What pituitary hormone promotes oocyte development and estrogen production in women or sperm production in men?

follicle stimulating hormone

What pituitary hormone promotes ovulation in women or androgen production in men?

luteinizing hormone

What small endocrine gland is located on the posterior aspect of the diencephalon of the brain?

pineal gland

What mixed gland (endocrine and exocrine function) lies deep to the stomach between the ‘C’ of the duodenum and the spleen?

pancreas

What is the name of the male gonad (singular)?

testis

What endocrine gland is located deep to the sternum and regresses with age after puberty?

thymus

What endocrine gland is found in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone and consists of two lobes?

pituitary gland

What layer of the adrenal cortex is the site of production of mineralocorticoids (e.g., aldosterone)?

Zona glomerulosa

What hormone, secreted by the thyroid, decreases blood calcium levels?

calcitonin

What hormones, secreted by the adrenal cortex, promotes the development of axillary and pubic hair before puberty?

androgens

What hormone, secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas, increases blood sugar levels?

glucagon

What hormone, produced by the pineal gland, regulates circadian rhythms and the onset of sexual maturity?

melatonin

What hormone, secreted by the parathyroids, increases blood calcium levels?

parathyroid hormone

What hormone, secreted by the adrenal medulla, produces effects similar to sympathetic stimulation?

epinephrine

What hormones, secreted by the thymus, assist in the maturation and function of T-cells of the adaptive immune system?

thymosins

What hormone, produced by the kidney, stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow?

erythropoietin

What hormone(s), secreted by the follicular cells of the ovaries, support follicle maturation and growth of the uterine lining, as well as producing female secondary sexual characteristics at puberty?

estrogens

What hormone(s), secreted by the nurse cells of the testes in males, or the follicular cells of the ovaries in females, depresses the secretion of FSH from the pituitary gland?

inhibin

What do we call the products of endocrine glands?

hormones

What part of the brain is the master control center of the endocrine system?

hypothalamus

Which endocrine structure is responsible for the production of ADH, oxytocin, and regulatory hormones?

hypothalamus

What pituitary hormone promotes tissue building and protein production?

growth hormone

What pituitary hormone promotes milk production and mammary gland development?

prolactin

What two-layered endocrine glands are located on the superior border of each kidney (and therefore retroperitoneal)?

adrenal glands

What endocrine glands are located on the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland?

parathyroid glands

What layer of the adrenal cortex is the site of production of glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol)?

Zona fasciculata

What hormones, secreted by the adrenal cortex, promote conservation of sodium and water?

mineralcorticoids

What hormone, secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas, decreases blood sugar levels?

insulin

What hormones, secreted by the adrenal cortex, stimulate glucose synthesis in the liver and acts as an anti-inflammatory?

glucocorticoids

What hormones, produced by the heart, help lower blood pressure by stimulating the loss of water and sodium at the kidneys?

natriuretic hormones

What hormone(s), secreted by the corpus luteum, causes the uterus to prepare for implantation following ovulation?

progesterone

The hypophyseal portal system is composed of a capillary plexus in the that is linked by portal vessels to another capillary plexus located in the .

hypothalamus … anterior pituitary

What hypothalamus hormone causes uterine contractions during labor and milk ejection during nursing in women?

oxytocin

What pituitary hormone promotes the release of thyroid hormones?

thyroid stimulating hormone

What bi-lobed endocrine gland is located anterior to the trachea just inferior to the larynx?

thyroid

What is the name of the female gonad (singular)?

ovary

What layer of the adrenal cortex is the site of production of small quantities of androgens (e.g., testosterone)?

Zona reticularis

What hormone, secreted by the thyroid, increases cellular metabolism?

thyroxine

What is the location of cells that manufacture and secrete cholecalciferol?

integument

What hormone(s), secreted by the interstitial cells of the testes, promotes sperm production, skeletal muscle growth, and the development of male secondary sexual characteristics at puberty?

testosterone

What is the technical name of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

neurohypophysis