mmsc200 chapter 12

adenoidectomy

removal of the adenoids

adenoid hypertrophy

excessive development of adenoids

alveolar

pertaining to an alveolus

alveolus/i

an individualized section of an air sac in the lung

anosmia

loss of the sense of smell

anthracosis

abnormal condition of coal dust in the lungs - black lung disease

apex of the lung

uppermost portion of the lung

apical

pertaining to the tip of an organ

asbestosis

abnormal condition of fiber particles in the lungs

asphyxia

deficient oxygen and increased carbon dioxide in the bloodstream

asthma

chronic inflammation disorder, characterized by airway obstruction and caused by bronchial edema, bronchoconstriction , and increased mucus production

atelectasis

collapsed lung

bacilli

rob-shaped bacteria that are the cause of tuberculosis

base of the lung

the lower portion of the lung

bronchial alveolar lavage

irrigation or washing of a bronchus by injecting fluid through a bronchoscope and then removing it to analyze contents

bronchiole

small bronchial tubes

bronchiolitis

inflammation of a bronchiole

bronchogenic carcinoma

cancerous tumor originating in a bronchus

bronchoscopy

visual examination of the bronchial tubes using an endoscope or bronchoscope

bronchospasm

involuntary muscular contractions in bronchial tubes leading to narrowing of the bronchi

chest tomograms

series of xray images that reveal the chest in depth

chronic bronchitis

inflammation of the bronchi persisting over a long period of time

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

lung and bronchial tube conditions that block and damage airways and persist over a long period of time

cilia

thin hairs that line the nasal passageways and tubes of the respiratory tract

cor pulmonale

enlargement of the right side of the heart due to lung disease

croup

acute viral infection in infants and children - barking cough, obstruction of the larynx

cystic fibrosis

inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in mucous secretions that don't drain normally

diphtheria

acute infection of the throat with the formation of a thick membrane that obstructs the throat and breathing

dysphonia

abnormal voice or sound produced by speaking

emphysema

hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls

empyema

pus in the pleural cavity

endotracheal intubation

tube is placed through the mouth and throat into the trachea to establish an airway

epiglottis

thin piece of cartilage that covers the entrance to the voice box and windpipe when a person is swallowing

epistaxis

nosebleed

expectoration

coughing up of mucus or sputum from the throat and respiratory tract

expiration

process of breathing out or exhalation

exudate

fluid, cells, or other substances that slowly leave cells or capillaries through pores or breaks in cell membranes

glottis

slit-like opening between the vocal folds of the larynx

hemothorax

blood in the chest surrounding the lungs

hilar

pertaining to the hilum

hilum of the lung

midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs

hydrothorax

water or fluid that accumulates in the pleural space surrounding the lungs

hypercapnia

increased levels of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream

hyperpnea

increase in breathing rate

hypoxia

deficiency of oxygen in tissues

inspiration

act of breathing in or inhalation

laryngitis

inflammation of the larynx or voice box

laryngoscopy

endoscopic visual examination of the larynx

laryngospasm

involuntary contraction of muscles surrounding the voice box

larynx

the voice box

lobectomy

removal of a lobe or section of an organ such as the lung

lung biopsy

surgical removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic examination of the cells

lung cancer

malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchial tubes

MRI of the chest

magnetic waves are used to produce images of the chest in all 3 planes of the body

mediastinoscopy

endoscopic visual examination of the mediastinum

mesothelioma

rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura and associated with asbestos exposure

nasogastric intubation

placement of a tube through the nose into the stomach

obstructive lung disease

narrowed airways result in resistance to airflow during breathing

orthopnea

breathing is only comfortable when a patient is in an upright position

palatine tonsil

one pair of almond-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue of the back of the mouth

paranasal sinuses

one of a pair of air cavities in the bones near the nose

parietal pleura

outer layer of the pleura lying closest to the chest wall

paroxysmal

pertaining to a sudden occurance

percussion

tapping on the surface to determine the underlying structure

pertussis

whooping cough - bacterial infection of the throat, larynx, and trachea

phrenic nerve

carries impulses to the diaphragm from the brain

pleural cavity

space between the pleura surrounding each lung

pleural effusion

collection of fluid in the pleural cavity

pleurisy

inflammation of the pleura - pleuritis

pneumonconiosis

abnormal condition of dust in the lungs

pneumonectomy

the surgical removal of all or part of a lung

pneumothorax

collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity between the pleura and surrounding the lungs

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

a method of brain imaging that assesses metabolic activity by using a radioactive substance injected into the bloodstream

pulmonary abscess

collection of pus in the lungs

pulmonary angiography

xray imaging of the blood vessels of the lungs after the injection of contrast material

pulmonary edema

collection of fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles of the lung

pulmonary embolism

clot or material from a distant vein that blocks a blood vessel in the lung

pulmonary fibrosis

formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lung

pulmonary function tests

tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of the lung

pulmonary infarction

area of dead tissue in the lung

pulmonary parenchyma

essential parts of the lungs responsible for respiration

pyothorax

puss collection in the pleural cavity

rales

abnormal, fine, crackling sounds heard on auscultation where there is fluid in the alveoli

restrictive lung disease

a condition in which lung expansion is limited by diseases that affect the chest wall, pleura, or lung tissue itself

rhinorrhea

discharge of mucus from the nose

rhonchi

loud, rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi that are obstructed by sputum

sarcoidosis

chronic inflammatory disease of unknown cause in which small nodules or tubercles develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs

silicosis

silica glass dust collects in the lungs

sinusitis

inflammation of paranasal sinuses

spirometer

an instrument to measure breathing

sputum

material expelled from the chest by coughing or by clearing the throat, phlegm

sputum culture

collection and growth of phlegm to analyze the type of microorganisms present

stridor

strained , high-pitched noisy breathing associated with obstruction of the larynx or trachea

thoracic

pertaining to the chest

thoracoscopy

visual examination of the chest using small incision and an endoscope

tonsillectomy

removal of the tonsils

tracheal

pertaining to the trachea

tracheal stenosis

narrowing of the trachea

tracheotomy

incision into the trachea

tube thoracostomy

chest tube is passed through an opening in the skin of the chest to continuously drain a pleural effusion