Earth & Space | Test 5

What is the temperature of cosmic background radiation?

2.7 Kelvin.

What is important about Hubble’s discovery that there is a red shift in the spectra of galaxies?

It suggests that the universe is expanding.

When did the universe begin?

~ 14 billion years ago.

How does the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) mark an important milestone in the early history of the universe?

The CMBR originated as the first visible light. It marks time when the universe transitioned from opaque to transparent.

According to the Big Band theory, the formation and expansion of the universe, hydrogen and helium were produced. How are the elements that are lighter than or equal to iron produced?

Elements heavier than helium but lighter than or equal to iron are produced by nuclear fusion within stars.

Which statement correctly describes why the existence of cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) is one of the lines of evidence used to support the Big Bang theory?

The microwave radiation composing the CMBR arrives at Earth at the wavelength predicted to result from the Big Bang.

Observations of the universe have shown that the edges are red shifted in every direction. What does this mean about the galaxies around us and how does this supports the Big Bang theory?

The galaxies are moving away from us, which indicated that the universe was once smaller and more dense and is continuing to expand.

The two most abundant elements from the early universe were?

Hydrogen and Helium

Observations of galaxy motion indicate that the universe is expanding in all directions. Do scientists infer, therefore, that the Milky Way’s position in space is static?

No. If we were in another galaxy the Milky Way would be traveling away from us.

What is a galaxy?

Planets, moons, and stars bound together by magnetism.

The equation E=MC² is important is to the Big Bang because it ultimately states that:

Large enough amounts of energy can create mass.

Hubble’s law states that:

Galaxies are moving away at a velocity proportional to their distance.

Where did the Big Bang occur?

Everywhere.

According to Hubble’s law:

Galaxies further away are moving faster.

The conditions that resulted in the formation of hydrogen at the point in which they formed, caused a ratio of:

3:1 Hydrogen to helium

The earliest galaxies:

Formed 400 million years after the Big Bang.

The universe is infinite, meaning that it goes on forever.

FALSE

How long after the Big Band did it take for protons and neutrons to combine to form nuclei?

3 minutes

All of the following are pieces of evidence that support the Big Bang except….

All support the Big Bang.

People who study the formation and evolution of the universe are called:

Cosmologists.

Most of the universe is made up of materials we do not know a whole lot about called….

Dark Matter/Dark Energy

What do we call the point where all matter and energy was located before the Big Bang?

Singularity.

Which of the following televisions sitcoms was about a group of Caltech physics students that can unlock the secrets of the universe but are too socially inept to connect with most other people on Earth?

The Big Bang Theory.