History Unit 4

before colonial takeover in europe

europe lacked sense of common purpose & modernity

what was the result of colonization in europe?

it weakened traditional ties & reoriented sense of political identity

what was the social structure of colonies?

elites ran the colony, while lower/middle class had no power in gov

how did colonies get modern influence?

elites of colonies would run colonies and be western educated → brought back modern ideas/wanted independence

how did gender stereotypes from industrialization empower women?

- women influenced public sphere → seen as "guardians of morality"
- gave women authority thru activism

how did gender stereotypes from industrialization disempower women?

- women were dehumanized
by having a "perfect doll" connotation
- seen as pure/submissive
- denied rights and economic/political opportunities

the waves of feminism

- 1st: women get right to vote
- 2nd: reproductive rights & end gender-based discrimination; cultural and political inequalities linked
- 3rd: changes in stereotypes, media portrayals, language that define women, equal pay
- debate of whether 4th is happening

private sphere

domestic domain of the home

public sphere

where the free discussion and debate of ideas occurs (not for women/children)

zionism

jews face antisemitism; being made a national minority

pan africanism

Africans faced oppression feeling like 2nd class citizens; want larger homeland (broadly Africa)

zionism vs. pan africanism

colonial nationalism

1 territory but distinct people; problem of uniting ppl

Diasporic nationalism

- always looking for a homeland; zionism & pan africanism
- a territory where ppl disperse around the world
- nationalism that connects to a diaspora

formal imperialism

resisting to achieve independence & sovereignty

elites w formal imperialism

- Elites travel abroad to be western educated and come back w ideas of:Self-determination, Nationalism, sovereignty, Recognizing hypocrisy of colonial rule
- become leaders of independence

informal imperialism

in need of homeland

economic nationalism

industrialization & women brought into work

political nationalism

women brought into public sphere & institutionalized in edu

cultural nationalism

secularism

banning veil

movement towards making secular state & limiting Islam

Atatürk

"father of turks" who established Turkey as a republic & pushed through a radical Westernization and reform of Turkish society.

Atatürk reforms

- Soviet model to modernize Turkey -- industrial capitalism
- Limit pwr of Islamic religion (caliphate abolished)
- Women received right to vote & guaranteed = rights

Reza Khan

- wanted a republic but then turned into a dynasty
- replaced Qajar dynasty w Pahlavi dynasty
- Tried to strengthen central gov & modernize bureaucracy, modern economics
- Western edu & suffrage to woman
- Strengthen nationalism, reduce Islam

sepoy rebellion

soldiers that EIC employed rebelled; rule of India was transformed to British

Indian National Congress (INC)

- wanted participation in gov
- 2 divisions: radicals vs. reformers
- Hindu majority

New Party

A radical conservative political group that advocated for violence and terrorism founded by Tilak

muslim league

organization formed by muslims to protect their interests against British Rule.

amritsar massacre

an Indian (vs. british) protest that got out of hand

Gandhi

transformed India's movement for independence/identity; organized nonviolent protests against England for bad living conditions

salt march

A march to the sea led by Gandhi to boycott British salt tax

Young Turks

group of radicals who removed sultan of ottoman empire from power & encouraged Turkish nationalism

Colonel Mustafa Kemal

war hero of Turkish forces in WW1; big contributor to modernizing Turkey

Grand National Assembly

legislature of Turkey

foreign presence in Iran

indigenous nationalist movement

social change in Iran

western edu & suffrage to women; strengthen nationalism; reduce islam

social change in Turkey

women guaranteed rights & voting; reduce islam

political change in Iran

- wanted western constitution
- strengthen central gov & modernize bureaucracy

political change in Turkey

- young turks shifting pwr from sultans
- caliphate abolished
- grand national assembly

economic change in Iran

foreign presence in Persia oil and profit going to Britian

economic change in Turkey

- industrial capitalism
- 5 year soviet model
- modernizing agricultural sector

Iraq

- controlled by british forces for oil
- anti-western (no independent gov)

Palestine

british issued declaration for homeland to jews

tensions in Palestine

tensions arose between Muslims & Arabs (who were already living there) & the jews; prevented jews from going to palestine (homeland)

Theodor Herzl - On Jewish States

- jewish nationalism against oppression
- want a jewish homeland & to obtain sovereignty
- Argues that jews deserve to have a state so they can heal from their suffering of discrimination

Wafd Paty

organization to create independent Egypt; wanted to create reform to meld islam w modern traditions & give women freedom

Muslim Brotherhood

egyptian nationalist movement that rejected western ways (preservation of tradition in gov)

Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Indian nationalist who demanded independence from Britain thru violence, defending Hindu traditions