Physiology Lecture 4.5: Autonomic Nervous System II

What are the ways the division of autonomic divisions can interact with each other?

1. Act alone

2. Act opposite

3. Integrate, compliment, or coordinate with the other

What is the sympathetic and parasympathetic responses of radial muscle in the eye?

SYM: Mydriasis (Dilation of pupil)

PARA: None

What is the sympathetic and parasympathetic responses of sphincter muscle in the eye?

SYM: None

PARA: Miosis (Constriction of pupil)

What is the sympathetic and parasympathetic responses of ciliary muscle in the eye?

SYM: None

PARA: Contraction to accomidate for close vision

What is the sympathetic and parasympathetic responses of force and rate of contraction in the heart?

SYM: Increase

PARA: Decrease

What are the blood vessels that are dilated by sympathetic stimulation?

1. Skeletal Muscle

2. Coronary

What are the blood vessels that are constricted by sympathetic stimulation?

1. Skin

2. Visceral

3. Salivary

What is the sympathetic and parasympathetic responses of lacrimal glands?

SYM: None

PARA: Tear secretion

What is the sympathetic and parasympathetic responses of salivary glands?

SYM: Thick secretion

PARA: Watery secretion

What is the sympathetic and parasympathetic responses of gastrointestinal glands?

SYM: None

PARA: Secretion

What is the sympathetic and parasympathetic responses of sweat glands?

SYM: Sweat secretion (cholinergic)

PARA: None

What is the sympathetic and parasympathetic responses of peristalsis of the intestines?

SYM: Decrease (Beta 2)

PARA: Increase

What is the sympathetic and parasympathetic responses of sphincter tone of the intestines?

SYM: Increase

PARA: Decrease

What do the sympathetic stimulation of peristalsis and sphincter tone in the intestines work to do?

Inhibit defecation

What do the parasympathetic stimulation of peristalsis and sphincter tone in the intestines work to do?

Promote defecation

What is the sympathetic and parasympathetic responses of detrusor of the bladder?

SYM: Relax

PARA: Contract

What is the sympathetic and parasympathetic responses of trigone of the bladder?

SYM: Contract

PARA: Relax

What do the sympathetic stimulation of detrusor and trigone of the bladder work to do?

Inhibit urination

What do the parasympathetic stimulation of detrusor and trigone of the bladder work to do?

Promote urination

What is the sympathetic and parasympathetic responses of the lungs?

SYM: Dilation

PARA: None

What is the sympathetic and parasympathetic responses of the liver?

SYM: Glycogenolysis

PARA: None

What is the sympathetic and parasympathetic responses of fat cells?

SYM: Lipolysis

PARA: None

What is the sympathetic and parasympathetic responses of piloerector muscles?

SYM: Contraction

PARA: None

What is the sympathetic and parasympathetic responses of the penis?

SYM: Ejaculation

PARA: Erection

What are the sympathic and parasympathetic effects related to discharge?

SYM: Diffuse

PARA: Discrete

What are the sympathic and parasympathetic effects related to energy?

SYM: Utilizing

PARA: Conserving

What are the sympathic and parasympathetic effects related to sustaining life?

SYM: Non-essential

PARA: Essential

Which division of the autonomic nervous system works during stress?

Sympathetic

Which division of the autonomic nervous system works during rest?

Parasympathetic

What does autonomic tone allow for?

Increase and decrease in activity

What causes the autonomic tone to be lost?

Lesion

What is the idea of autonomic tones?

If an organ is innervated by both divisions, if one is lost, the other takes over

What is the autonomic reflex effect of light?

Pupil constriction

What is the autonomic reflex effect of bladder distension?

Micturition

What is the autonomic reflex effect of intestinal distension?

Secretion/Defecation

What is the autonomic reflex effect of sexual stimulation?

Erection, ejaculation, lubrication

What is the autonomic reflex effect of changes in blood pressure?

Cardiac and vasomotor changes

What are the functions of the hypothalamus?

1. Regulate temperature

2. Balance fluids

3. Feeding behavior

4. Sexual behavior

5. Cardiovascular function

How does the hypothalamus regulate temperature to a set point?

Heat loss and heat production mechanisms

What causes orthostatic hypotensive syncope?

Abrupt change in posture from reclining/standing

What happens during orthostatic hypotensive syncope?

Sympathetic system fails to rapidly compensate for reduced venous return