Chemistry Lecture Notes: Stoichiometry and Chemical Reactions

These flashcards cover key concepts, vocabulary, and definitions from the lecture notes on stoichiometry and various types of chemical reactions.

Balancing Chemical Equations

The process of ensuring that the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides of a chemical equation.

Chemical Equation

A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction that includes the reactants and the products.

Reactants

Substances that undergo a chemical change in a reaction, found on the left side of a chemical equation.

Products

Substances that are formed as a result of a chemical reaction, found on the right side of a chemical equation.

Coefficients

Numbers placed in front of compounds in a balanced equation to indicate how many molecules or moles of a substance are involved in the reaction.

Spectator Ions

Ions that do not participate in the actual chemical reaction and remain unchanged on both sides of the equation.

Molecular Equation

A chemical equation that shows all reactants and products as intact, neutral molecules.

Complete Ionic Equation

A representation of the chemical reaction in which all soluble ionic compounds are represented as their constituent ions.

Net Ionic Equation

An equation that shows only the ions and molecules that participate in the reaction, excluding the spectator ions.

Precipitation Reaction

A chemical reaction that produces one or more insoluble products, known as precipitates.

Acid-Base Reaction

A neutralization reaction where an acid reacts with a base to produce water and a salt.

Oxidation-Reduction Reaction

A reaction involving the transfer of electrons, resulting in a change in oxidation states of the reactants.

Limiting Reactant

The substance that is totally consumed in a chemical reaction, limiting the amount of product formed.

Theoretical Yield

The maximum amount of product that can be produced from a given amount of limiting reactant, calculated from the balanced equation.

Actual Yield

The amount of product actually obtained from a chemical reaction, which may be less than the theoretical yield.

Percent Yield

A ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield, expressed as a percentage.

Titration

A quantitative chemical analysis method used to determine the concentration of a known acidic or basic substance through neutralization.

Gravimetric Analysis

A method of quantitative chemical analysis that involves measuring the mass of an analyte or precipitate to determine the amount of substance.

Indicator

A substance used in titrations that changes color at a specific pH, helping to identify the endpoint of the reaction.