Key Topics Covered in Lecture 4

What is the definition of extreme poverty according to the World Bank?

Surviving on less than $2.15 per person per day.

What was the global poverty statistic in 2020?

Over 724 million people lived in extreme poverty.

What factors worsened poverty levels in 2022?

Global conflict (such as the Ukraine War) and climate change.

What is the projected number of people living in extreme poverty by 2030?

About 575 million people (7% of the world) may still live in extreme poverty, mainly in Sub-Saharan Africa.

What is resilience?

The ability to cope with and recover from stress and hardship.

What does livelihood diversification involve?

Expanding or increasing income sources to improve household security and standard of living.

How can a farming household achieve livelihood diversification?

By also running a small shop to reduce dependence on agriculture alone.

What is the goal of Sustainable Development Goal 2: Zero Hunger?

End hunger and malnutrition by 2030.

What were the consequences of hunger reported in 2022?

Reduces productivity, increases disease risk, and limits livelihood opportunities.

How many people were reported to be in chronic hunger in 2022?

735 million people (9.2% of the world).

What are some causes of rising hunger?

Climate change, conflict (notably the Ukraine War), economic inequality, and supply chain disruptions post-pandemic.

What is food security?

Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food.

What are smallholder farms?

Farms operated by families, usually on small plots of land.

Why are smallholder farms important for global food security?

They produce the majority of staple crops in developing regions and are a major source of jobs in rural areas.

List some advantages of smallholder farms.

Support local food systems, preserve cultural heritage, use climate-resilient techniques, and have lower environmental impact.