medical terminology #2

Aden/o-

gland

Endocrinologist

specialist in the study of endocrine disorders

Adren/o-

adrenal gland

Adrenal/o-

adrenal gland

Adrenopathy

disease of the adrenal gland

Adrenalectomy

removal of the adrenal gland

Hypophys/o-

Pituitary gland

Pituitar/o- 

Pituitary gland

Hypophyseal

related to the pituitary gland

Hyerpituitarism 

increased secretions of the pituitary glands

Hypopituitarism 

decreased secretions of the pituitary glands

gonad/o

Gonads - (Reproductive organs: sex glands: ovaries and testes) 

Oophor/o-

ovary

Ovari/o-

ovary

Oophoritis

inflammation of the ovary

Ovarian 

related to the ovary

Orch/o-

testis

Orchi/o-

testis

orchid/o-

testis

test/o-

testis

testicul/o-

testis

orchitis

inflammation of the testis

orchiopexy

surgical fixation of the testis

orchidectomy

removal of the testis

Pancreat/o-

pancreas

pancreatectomy 

removal of the pancreas

thyr/o-

thyroid gland

thyroid/o-

thyroid gland

thyroaden/o-

thyroid gland

thyroidectomy 

removal of the thyroid gland

thyroadenitis

inflammation of the thyroid gland

Parathyroid/o-

parathyroid gland

thym/o-

thymus gland

thymoma

Tumor of the thymus gland

Acromegaly

enlargement of the extremeties due to hypersecretion of the pituitary gland after puberty

Dwarfism

Congenital hyposecretion  (undersecretion) of Growth Hormone which is secreted by the Pituitary gland, resulting in abnormally low stature (small size).

Gigantism

Over secretion  (hypersecretion) of Growth Hormone from the Pituitary gland, resulting in excessive growth and height which is significantly above average.

Diabetes Mellitus

disorder in the pancrease that causes increased of blood sugar

Diabetes insipidus

Too little anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) produced by the pituitary gland – too much fluid excreted (polyuria)

Polyuria

excessive urination

Hypoglycemia

Condition of low blood sugar  level in the blood

Hyperglycemia

Condition of high blood sugar  level in the blood

Glycosuria

Glucose in urine

Cretinism

Congenital (at birth)  lack of thyroid secretion.

Goitre (thyromegaly)

Abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland producing a swelling in the front part of the neck

Myxedema

Severe form of adult hypothyroidism.

Graves disease

Hyperthyroidism – over secretion of thyroid hormones

Tetany

A condition that occur as a result of low blood calcium  (Hypocalcemia) - characterized by painful muscle spasms (cramps)

Hypocalcemia

low blood calcium

Calc/o

Calcium

DM

Diabetes Mellitus

ADH 

Anti diuretic hormone

Cerebell/o-

Cerebellum

Cerebellar

Pertaining to the cerebellum

Cerebr/o-

Cerebrum

Cerebral

Pertaining to the cerebrum

Encephal/o-

Brain

Encephalitis

Inflammation of the brain

Medull/o-

Medulla oblongata

Medullary

Pertaining to the medulla oblongata

Myel/o-

Spinal cord

Myelitis

Inflammation  of the spinal cord

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Clear fluid that surrounds the brain and the spinal cord

Neur/o-

Nerve

Neuropathy

Disease of nerves

Alzheimer disease

Brain disorder marked by deterioration of mental capacity

Cerebrovascular accident

CVA- 

Stroke

Damage to the blood vessels of the cerebrum leading to loss of blood supply to the brain

Epilepsy

Chronic brain disorder marked by recurrent seizure activity

Hemiplegia

Paralysis that affects one half of the body (right half or left half)

Quadriplegia

Paralysis of four limbs (both legs and both arms)

Paraplegia

Paralysis of the lower portion of the body (legs)

Multiple sclerosis

Destruction of the myelin sheath on the nerve cells with replacement of sclerotic (hard) tissue

Syncope

Fainting.

Computed tomography (CT) scan

cross sectional x-ray images 

Magnatic resonance imaging (MRI)

magnatic waves that are used to create detailed images

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

a test that detects electrical activity in your brain 

AD

Alzehimer disease

CNS

Central nervous system

CSF

Cerebrospinal fluid 

CVA

Cerebrovascular accident (Stroke)

MS

Multiple sclerosis

Hem/o- or Hemat/o-

Blood

-emia

Blood

Erythro-

Red 

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells-  (RBC)

Leuko-

White

Leukocytes

White blood cells (WBC)

Thrombo-

Clotting

Thrombocytes

Clotting cells (platelets)

Hemolysis

destruction of red blood cells.

Hematocrit

Separation of the blood components

Hematopoiesis

Formation of blood

Phag/ o –

eat, swallow

Phagocyte:

Phago/ cyte :Cell that eats or swallows other cells

Macrophage

Large phagocytes

Coagulation

Process of blood clotting

-Apheresis: 

Removal or carry away

Plasmapheresis

Process to remove or separate the plasma from other blood components. It is used to treat autoimmune diseases

Anemia:

Deficiency in Erythrocytes or Hemoglobin