cardiovascular system non root words

heart

muscular cone shaped organ the size of a fist, located between lungs and behind sternum

sternum

breast bone

atrioventricular valves

consist of the tricuspid and mitral valves, 

semilunar valves

pulmonary and aortic valves 

pericardium

2 layer sac surrounding heart, consists of external fibrous and an internal serous layer

epicardium

outer lining covering the heart, part of pericardium

myocardium

middle, thick, muscular layer of heart

endocardium

inner lining of heart

blood vessels

tubelike structures that carry blood throughout the body

arteries

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

pulmonary artery

carries CO2 and other waste products from heart to lungs

arterioles

smallest arteries

aorta

largest artery in body, originates at left ventricle

veins

blood vessels that carry blood back to heart

venules

smallest veins

venae cavae

largest vein in the body

inferior vena cava

carries blood to heart from body parts below the diaphragm

superior vena cava

returns the blood to the heart from upper part of body

atrial septum

separates the atria

ventricular septum

separates from ventricles

atrium

smaller upper chambers 

ventricle

large lower chambers

capillaries

microscopic blood vessels that connect arterioles with venules

blood 

fluid circulated through heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins

plasma

clear, straw-colored, liquid portion of blood in which cells are suspended

serum

clear, watery fluid portion of blood that remains after a clot has formed

cells (formed elements)

production of new blood cells takes place in bone marrow, spongy tissue inside some bones

erythrocytes

red blood cells that carry oxygen

leukocytes

white blood cells that combat infection and respond to inflammation

thrombocytes

one of the formed elements in the blood that’s responsible for aiding in the clotting process (platelets

lymph

transparent, colorless, tissue fluid, contains lymphocytes and monocytes and flows in a one way direction towards heart

lymphatic vessels

transport lymph from body tissues into the right and left subclavian veins, which then empty into the superior vena cava

lymph nodes

small, spherical bodies composed of lymphoid tissue. May be singular or grouped along the path of lymph vessels 

spleen

located on left side of the abdominal cavity between stomach and diaphragm

thymus gland

one of primary lymphatic organs, located anterior to ascending aorta and posterior of sternum between lungs

acute coronary syndrome

sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the heart, indicating unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction 

aneurysm

ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall

angina pectoris

chest pain, may radiate to the left arm and jaw, occurs when insufficient supple of blood to the heart muscle

arrhythmia

any disturbance or abnormality in the heart’s normal rhythmic pattern

cardiac arrest

sudden cessation of cardiac output and effective circulation, which requires cardiopulmonary resuscitation 

cardiac tamponade

acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity

coronary artery disease

condition that reduces the flow of blood through the coronary arteries to the myocardium that may progress to depriving the heart tissue of sufficient oxygen and nutrients to function properly

cor pulmonale

enlargement of the heart’s right ventricle due to pulmonary disease

deep vein thrombosis

condition of thrombus in a deep vein of the body

pulmonary embolism

clot, or part of a clot breaks off and travels to lungs

fibrillation

rapid, quivering, uncoordinated contractions of the atria or ventricles causing cardiac arrhythmia

heart failure

condition in which there is an inability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body to supply the tissues and organs with nutrients and oxygen

hypertensive heart disease

disorder of the heart caused by persistent high blood pressure

hypertrophy

abnormal thickening of the heart muscle

intermittent claudication

condition of pain, tension, or weakness in a limb that starts when walking is begun, increases until walking is not possible 

mitral valve stenosis

narrowing of the mitral valve from scarring, usually caused from many rheumatic fever

myocardial infarction

death of a portion of myocardium caused by lack of oxygen resulting from interrupted blood supply (heart attack)

peripheral artery disease

disease of the arteries in the arms and legs, resulting in narrowing or complete obstruction of the artery

rheumatic heart disease

damage to the heart muscle or heart valve caused by one or more episodes of rheumatic fever

rheumatic fever

inflammatory disease disease after an upper respiratory tract streptococcal infection

varicose veins

distended or tortuous veins usually found in the lower extremities

artificial cardiac pacemaker

batter powered apparatus implanted under skin with leads places on the heart in the chamber of the heart used to treat an abnormal heart rate, usually slow ones 

atrial fibrillation

the atria quiver instead of contracting, causes an irregular ventricular response, increases clot formation

paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

type of atrial fibrillation which is intermittent

chronic atrial fibrillation

type of atrial fibrillation which is sustained

ventricular fibrillation

heart does not contract and blood slow stops

automatic implantable cardiac defibrillator

device implanted in body that continuously monitors the heart rhythm

catheter ablation

procedure in which abnormal cells that triggers abnormal heart rhythms are destroyed by using a device that heats or freezes cells

coronary artery bypass graft

surgical technique to bring a new blood supply to the heart muscle by detouring around blocked arteries

coronary stent

supportive scaffold device placed in the coronary artery, used to prevent closure of the artery after a surgery

femoropopliteal bypass

surgery to establish an alt route from femoral artery to popliteal artery to bypass an obstruction

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

procedure in which a balloon is advanced into a coronary artery yo the area where plaque has formed

thrombolytic therapy

injection of a medication either intravenously or intra arterially to dissolve blood clots

digital subtraction angiography

process of digital radiographic imaging of the blood vessels that removes structures not being studied

doppler ultrasound

study that uses high frequency sound waves for detection of blood flow within the vessels

sestamibi test

nuclear medicine test used to diagnose coronary artery disease and assess revascularization after coronary artery bypass surgery

single-photon emission computed tomography

nuclear medicine test that collects a series of images as gamma camera rotates around patient

transesophageal echocardiogram

ultrasound test that examines cardiac function and structure by using an ultrasound probe placed in esophagus

cardiac catheterization

diagnostic procedure preformed by passing a catheter into the heart from a blood vessel in the groin or arm to examine a condition of the heart and surrounding blood vessels

exercise stress test

study that evaluates cardiac function during physical stress by riding a bike or walking on a treadmill

blood pressure

pressure exerted by the blood against the blood vessel walls

systolic

numerator of BP

diastolic

denominator of BP

pulse

contraction of heart, can be felt by fingertip

sphygmomanometer

device used for measuring BP

C-reactive protein

blood test to measure the amount of C-reactive protein in blood, if elevated, indicates inflammation in body

creatine phosphokinase

blood test used to measure the level of creatine phosphokinase, an enzyme of the heart and skeletal muscle released into the blood after muscle injury or necrosis

lipid profile

blood test to measure amount and type of lips in a sample of blood

troponin

blood test measuring a heart muscle enzyme

Biomarker

naturally occuring substance of body cells that can be measured in blood and used to aid diagnosis of various disorders.

bruit

sound heard over an artery during auscultation resulting from vibration in the vessels wall caused by turbulent of blood flow

Cholesterol

compound important in production of sex hormones, steroids, cell membranes and bile acids. contained also in food such as animal fat. transported by lipoproteins

high density lipoprotein

type of LIPO protein that removes cholesterol from tissues and transports it to the liver to be excreted in the bile. referred to as good cholesterol 

low density lipoprotein

type of lipoprotein that transports cholesterol to the tissue and deposits in on the walls of the arteries. referred to as bad cholesterol

total cholesterol

measurement of cholesterol components LDL HDL and VLDL, in the blood 

triglycerides

form of fat in blood, synthesized in liver and used to store energy

very low density lipoprotein

type of lipoprotein that transports most of the triglycerides in the blood

hypercholesterolemia

excessive amount of cholesterol in the blood, higher risk of cardiovascular disease

hyperlipidemia

excessive amount of any type of fats in blood

hypertension

BP that is above normal (130/80 or more)

hypertriglyceridemia

excessive amount of triglycerides in blood

hypotension

BP below normal (90/60 or less)

murmur

unusual sound during auscultation of the heart caused by turbulent blood flow

occlusion

closing or blockage of blood vessel or hollow organ

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

emergency procedure consisting of external cardiac compression