unit 3 apbio

Input of glycolysis

Glucose and 2 ATP

Output of glycolysis

2 pyruvate, 4 ATP, 2 NADPH

Glycolysis

• no oxygen

• cytoplasm

• developed first before earth had oxygen

Inputs of Pyruvate oxidation

CoA, pyruvate

Output of pyruvate oxidation

2 acetyl CoA, 2 CO2, 2 NADPH

Pyruvate oxidation

• Before Krebs

• Mitochondrial matrix

• Indirectly needs oxygen

Inputs of Krebs

2 acetyl CoA, 3 NAD+, 1 FAD

Output of Krebs

2 CO2, 3 NADPH, 2 GTP, 1 FADH2

Krebs

• mitochondrial matrix

• Breaks down acetyl CoA to make electron carriers for ETC

• Occurs twice bc there is two CoA to break down

• Indirectly uses oxygen

inputs of ETC

10 NADPH, 2 FADH2, 6 O2

Outputs of ETC

34 ATP, 6 H2O

ETC

• oxidative phosphorylation

• Oxygen is final electron acceptor

• Needs oxygen

• Most ATP is produced

Input of Fermentation

2 NADPH, 2 pyruvate

Output of fermentation

2 NAD+, 2 lactic acid or 2 ethanol

Fermentation

• lactic acid for humans, ethanol for bacteria

• makes far less ATP

• Purpose is to regenerate NAD+ to keep glycolysis moving

• Cytoplasm

Substrate level phosphorylation

When a substrate is broken down and energy is released to make ATP

Oxidative phosphorylation

pumping protons powered by the electron transport chain to make ATP

Proton motive force

the force that promotes movement of protons across a membrane to generate a gradient. 

Chemiosmosis

Generation of ATP from proton gradient.