Matter and Energy

Flashcards about matter and energy from a chemistry textbook.

Matter

Anything that has mass and occupies space.

Pure substance

Matter with a fixed or definite composition.

Mixture

Contains two or more different substances that are physically mixed.

Elements

Pure substances that contain only one type of material.

Compound

Consists of two or more elements chemically combined in a definite ratio.

Homogeneous mixture

A mixture where the composition is uniform throughout the sample.

Heterogeneous mixture

A mixture where the composition varies from one part of the mixture to another.

Solid

A state of matter with a definite shape and volume, where particles are held close together in a rigid pattern.

Liquid

A state of matter with a definite volume but not a definite shape, taking the shape of its container.

Gas

A state of matter with indefinite shape and volume, filling the shape and volume of its container.

Physical properties

Characteristics observed or measured without changing the identity of a substance.

Physical change

Occurs when matter undergoes a change of state, but its composition remains constant.

Chemical properties

Describe the ability of a substance to interact with other substances and change into a new substance.

Chemical change

During this, a new substance forms that has a new composition, physical properties and chemical properties.

Fahrenheit and Celsius Scale

The Celsius scale has 100 degrees between the freezing and boiling points of water, the fahrenheit scale has 180 degrees.

Absolute zero

The coldest temperature possible is −273 °C, 0 K

Energy

The ability to do work.

Kinetic energy

The energy of motion.

Potential energy

Energy determined by the position of an object or its chemical composition.

Heat

The energy associated with the motion of particles.

Melting

When a substance changes from a solid to a liquid at its melting point (mp).

Freezing

When a substance changes from a liquid to a solid at its freezing point (fp).

Sublimation

When particles o the surface of a solid change directly to a gas without going through the liquid state

Deposition

When gas particles change directly to a solid.

Evaporation

When water molecules gain sufficient energy to escape the liquid surface and enter the gas phase.

Boiling

When molecules have enough energy to overcome their attractive forces and become a gas and bubbles of gas form throughout the liquid.

Condensation

When water vapor is converted to a liquid as water molecules lose kinetic energy and slow down.

Matter

What is anything that has mass and occupies space?

Pure Substance

What is a type of matter with a fixed or definite composition?

Mixture

What type of matter consists of two or more substances that are physically mixed but not chemically combined?

Elements

What are copper, lead, and aluminum examples of?

Compounds

What are hydrogen peroxide, table salt, sugar, and water examples of?

Homogeneous Mixture

What type of mixture has a uniform composition throughout the sample?

Heterogeneous Mixture

What type of mixture has a composition that varies from one part to another?

Physical Properties

What are shape, physical state, boiling and freezing points, density, and color examples of?

Physical Change

What type of change occurs when matter undergoes a change of state, but its composition remains constant?

Chemical Properties

What abilities describe when a substance interacts with other substances and changes into a new substance?

Chemical Change

What type of change results in the original substance being converted into one or more new substances?

Celsius Scale

What temperature scale has 100 degrees between the freezing and boiling points of water?

Absolute Zero

What is the coldest possible temperature called, represented as 0 K?

Energy

What is defined as the ability to do work?

Kinetic Energy

What type of energy is the energy of motion?

Potential Energy

What type of energy is determined by the position of an object or its chemical composition?

Heat

What is the energy associated with the motion of particles?

Melting

What process occurs when a substance changes from solid to liquid at its melting point?

Freezing

What process occurs when a substance changes from liquid to solid at its freezing point?

Sublimation

What process occurs when particles on the surface of a solid change directly to a gas?

Deposition

What is the reverse process of sublimation, where gas particles change directly to a solid?

Evaporation

What process occurs when water molecules gain enough energy to escape the liquid and enter the gas phase?

Boiling

What process occurs as bubbles of gas form throughout the liquid?

Condensation

What process occurs when water vapor is converted back to a liquid?