9th lit Ela final exam vocab

Ela final vocab

Short Story

A short work of fiction or creative nonfiction that tells a narrative story.

Novel

a long work of fiction or creative nonfiction that tells a narrative story

Poem

a work that uses structures and form in some consistent manner as well as elevated language and thought to convey a message to the reader, often uses rhyme, meter, rhythm, and figurative language to convey complex emotions and ideas.

Autobiography

A work about a person’s life written by the person themself

Biography

a work about a person’s life written by someone else

Memoir

a short excerpt of someone’s life that focuses on a specific memory.

Drama

a play written with stage directions and dialogue to be performed

Tragedy

a play dealing with tragic events and having an unhappy ending, especially one concerning the downfall of the main character.

Characterization

The development of the character’s arc through character traits and motive

Direct Characterization

The character is explicitly described

Setting

place and time (Builds context/ develops structure/ builds tone and mood through use of imagery

Plot

Exposition, Rising Action, Climax, Falling Action, and Resolution

Structure

how the work is built

Organization

order of the events in a story

Time Manipulation

the pacing (speed of flow) of the story

Suspense

tension, mystery, and suprise

Diction

word choice, intentional word choice, manipulates tone and mood and controls the story.

Imagery

descriptive and detailed descriptions that evoke the five senses.

Tone

author’s perception impacts the mood

Mood

readers feeling, atmosphere of the story

Dialogue

word spoken by a character. Used to develop the character (structure)

Narrator

the person telling the story

Genre

category of a story, created by patterns.

Irony

the opposite of what is intended can be dramatic, verbal, or situational

Purpose

the author’s intention, goal, or motive, in writing, (the message they are trying to convey)

Perspective

the viewpoint of a character from which the story is told

Point of View

the method of writing a story in either first, second, or third person

Theme

a universal truth and message conveyed in a work/text

Central/Main Idea

the message or main claim an author is making

Inference

analyzing evidence and using reasoning to draw logical conclusions

Conflict

a struggle or obstacle

External Conflict

Man vs. Man

Man vs. Nature

Man vs. Society

Internal Conflict

Man vs. Self

Metaphor

can be direct or implied the compare one thing to another without using like or as

Simile

a comparison that uses like or as

Hyperbole

An extreme exaggeration

Analogy

comparisons that try to convey deeper meaning to a reader

Personification

Giving human qualities to inanimate objects

Idiom

a phrase that cannot be translated into another language: “it’s raining cats and dogs”

Symbol

Using concrete items to represent abstract ideas

Paradox

something that seems to contradict itself or not to be true, but upon deeper thought it’s discovered to be true

Alliteration

The repetition of letter sounds at the beginning of a word; it is not the repetition of letters. Should and Sigh are not alliteration but Song and Sigh are

Assonance

The repetition of vowel sounds, not letters. The lamb and the man both ate apple- in this sentence “lamb,” “and,” “man,” and “apple” are all assonance, but not “ate” because it sounds different

Consonance

The repetition of consonant sounds anywhere in the word, not letters. The little snail was pale and pitiful - in this sentence “little,” “snail,” “pale,” and “pitiful” are all consonance because of the repetition of the “l” sound.

Rhyme

A repeated sound

Rhythm

the intentional arrangement of stressed and unstressed beats to create a pattern

Ethos

(sometimes called an appeal to ethics), then, is used as a means of convincing an audience via the authority or credibility of the persuader, be it a notable or experienced figure in the field or even a popular celebrity.

Logos

(appeal to logic) is a way of convincing an audience with reason, using facts and figures.

Pathos

(appeal to emotion) is a way of convincing an audience of an argument by creating an emotional response to an impassioned plea or a convincing story.

Appeal to Authority

a logical fallacy (something that is false) that argues that a product or idea is correct because someone is authority believes it

Repetition

the reuse or repeating of words, phrases, structures, or ideas in order to drive home a point

Use of alliterative language

the use of alliteration to draw in a reader and make them focus on a point

Parallelism/Parallel Structure

repetition of structure, specifically grammatical structure

Headings

a title at the head of a page or section of a book

Myths

a traditional story, especially one concerning the early history of a people or explaining some natural or social phenomenon like a hurricane, flood, volcano eruption, etc., and typically involving supernatural beings or events

Epic Heroes

reflect the values of their culture

Epic Similes

an extended simile that uses elevated language to elaborately compare a mythological element to a natural element.

Epic

an extended poem that reflects the value and identity of a people

Expository

explaining or describing

Summary

a brief recounting of the main ideas of a work

Stage Directions

an instruction in the text of a play, especially one indicating the movement, position, or tone of an actor, or the sound effects and lighting

Cause-and-Effect

the relationship between how one thing affects another

Evidence

integrate (introduce), short and on topic, cite, supports the claim

Explanation

using reasoning to substantiate claims, the bulk of the paper

Reasoning

the logical thought process that links ideas together

Claim

the author’s opinion on an issue

Counterclaim

the author’s attempt to refute the opposing claim

Colon

defined and extends

Semicolon

connects and joins

Participial Phrase

verbal phrase, verb + -ed, or -ing with no helping verb attached, modifies nouns, acts as an adjective

Noun

person, place, thing, or idea

Verb

actions, state of being, or linking

Adjectives

modifies nouns

Adverb

modifies verb, adjectives, and other adverbs

Infinitive Phrase

to + a verb, can act as a noun, adjective, or adverb

Passive Voice

the doer of the sentence is hidden or excluded from the sentence

Active Voice

the doer of the sentence is the subject

Thesis Statement

Claim + Reasons = Thesis

Topic Sentence

Topic = Claim + 1 Reason

Focus

staying on topic and constantly returning to your main idea so that the paper stays cohesive and

Organization

the order in which the information is structured

Citations

(author last name page #). {remember the period goes at the end not in the quotation marks}

Quoting Text Evidence

The author wrote that “blah blah blah” (author 1).

The author wrote these words: “blah blah blah” (author 1).

The author wrote, “blah blah blah” (author 1).