(Genetic) Lecture 27-28 : Regulation of Transcryption in Eukaryotes

cell proliferation, cell-cell rearrangements and cell differentiation

The process by which a single cell cleaves and grows to a multicellular organism involves:

mRNA

a gene is expressed when it is transcribed into an _________

RNA polymerase II

transcribes genomic DNA into mRNA

transcription

factors that regulate RNA polymerase II activity regulate__________

Complete loss of transcription

a non-sense mutation may affect the gene expression of Pax6 in a mouse embryo

What makes RNA Pol II bind certain promoters, not others?

specific enhancers

Transcription factor

recruit RNA Pol II at the promoter; bind DNA, other proteins, or both

What differs enhancer sequences?

presence/absence of transcription factor proteins that enhancers experience

several enhancers

A gene can have ________________

Enhancers

may be upstream, downstream, or within gene

Reporter Gene

produces signal wherever it is expressed, so one can see where the enhancer drives gene expression

Silencers

repress expression in certain tissues

Housekeeping Gene

a gene involved in basic functions required for the sustenance of the cell

Body building genes

luxury genes; including regulatory genes and effector genes

Gene regulatory networks

regulatory genes are part of ________________

Chromatin

must be opened for transcription to take place

How is chromatin opened

numerous ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes use energy provided by hydrolysis of ATP

Pioneer Transcription Factor

sequence-specific activators that recruit remodeling complex

acetylated; active

Chromatin regions where histones are acetylated can be transcriptionally _________

deacetylation; inactive

Histone __________ makes chromatin transcriptionally ________