Baby Genetics Lab and Vocab

1. Know the vocabulary covered in class: (Genetics, Heredity, Carrier, Heterozygous, Incomplete Dominance, etc.) 2. Be able to utilize and analyze Punnett Squares using simple dominance, incomplete, or Codominance 3. Concepts, materials, and/or procedures from the lab

genetics

the study of how heritable traits are transmitted from parents to offspring

heredity

the passing of traits from parents to offspring

genotype

genetic makeup of the organism determined by the alleles received (BB, Bb, bb)

allele

variation of a gene (one letter)

phenotype

physical expression of a trait determined by the genotype (blue/brown eyes)

homozygous

inheriting 2 of the same allele

heterozygous

inherit 2 different alleles

what are the two types of alleles?

dominant and recessive

simple dominance

the dominant allele completely hides the recessive allele

carrier

someone who carries a recessive trait but does not express it

the presence of this allele determines the trait in simple dominance

dominant

two of this allele is required to express its unique trait in simple dominance

recessive

classify: BB

homozygous dominant

classify: Bb

heterozygous

classify: bb

homozygous recessive

punnett square

diagram that predicts possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a genetic cross

monohybrid cross

crossing of 1 trait (4 boxes)

genotypic ratio

how often a genotype appears in the diagram; HH: Hh: hh

phenotypic ratio

what physical traits you would expect; dominant:recessive

incomplete dominance

heterozygous genotype displays blended phenotype of 2 alleles

how is incomplete dominance represented in the genotype?

2 different letters represent the 2 alleles (in superscript), third letter represents the gene

ex: C^RC^R represents red, C^RC^W represents pink, C^WC^W represents white

codominance

both traits equally dominant, so both traits expressed at the same time

how is codominance represented in the genotype?

same as incomplete dominance

ex: C^RC^R represents red, C^RC^W represents red and white, C^WC^W represents white

polygenic traits

interaction of multiple pairs of genes (ex: skin color, hair color, eye color)