Mutations and meiosis and karyotyping

What is aneuploidy?

A condition caused by errors during meiosis that results in gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes.

What causes Down syndrome?

An extra copy of chromosome 21 (trisomy 21).

What is Turner syndrome?

A condition resulting from a missing X chromosome in females (monosomy X).

How can improper chromosome separation affect fertility?

It can lead to non-viable gametes, causing infertility or miscarriage during fertilization.

What happens if an abnormal gamete fuses with a normal one?

It can lead to offspring with genetic disorders, affecting their development and health.

Can chromosomal errors lead to beneficial outcomes?

Yes, while some mistakes can lead to harmful conditions, others might result in new traits or variations, which can influence evolution, but the risks usually outweigh the benefits.q

What are structural chromosomal mutations?

Deletion: Loss of a chromosome segment, Duplication: Extra copies of a segment or Translocation: Exchange of segments between chromosomes