Texas History Finals Review

What was Sam Houston’s role during the secession crisis?

Sam Houston was the governor of Texas and was anti-secession. He was removed from office for not supporting the Confederacy.

What political party was formed to prevent the spread of slavery?

The Republican Party.

What region of the United States seceded from the Union?

The Southern Slave States

Name the four important battles fought in Texas during the Civil War

Battle of Galveston, Battle of Sabine Pass, Battle of Palmito Ranch, Battle of Brownsville.

Describe the Battle of Palmito Ranch

It was the last battle of the Civil War and was fought after the war had technically ended.

What was the Emancipation Proclamation?

A proclamation issued by President Lincoln on January 1, 1863, stated that all slaves residing in rebelling states were free.

What was the Freedmen’s Bureau

An organization created to support freedmen. They helped freedmen gain jobs, education, and stability.

How did reconstruction change the power of the Texas governor?

Reconstruction reduced the power of the governor in the 1876 Constitution.

Why was the Ku Klux Klan formed?

The Ku Klux Klan was formed to stop freed slaves from exercising their rights.

13th Amendment

Freed all slaves in the United States. - FREE

14th amendment

protected the rights of formerly enslaved people. - CITIZENS

15th amendment

guaranteed African American men the right to vote. - VOTE

Buffalo Soldiers

Buffalo Soldiers were African American troops stationed in West Texas in the late 1800s. Native Americans gave them the name.

Why were Texas settlers vulnerable to Native Americans during the Civil War?

Texas settlers were easy targets for Native Americans during the Civil War because all the soldiers left Texas to fight in the Civil War and there was no one left to protect the frontier.

Quanah Parker

A Comanche chief who was considered the most influential Comanche leader of all time. He was the son of a Comanche chief and Anglo Anglo-American woman.

What impact did barbed wire have on the Texas frontier?

It closed the open range by cutting off access to cattle trails.

Why did owners brand their cattle?

To avoid stealing and a “mix-up” between their cattle and other cattle. Unbranded cattle could be stolen by anyone..

What was the significance of the Chisholm Trail?

It is considered the first great cattle trail.

What geographic features of Texas helped the industry become so successful?

Because of the warm, dry climate, open prairies with room to roam and endless supply of grass.

How were minorities in Texas kept from exercising their right to vote besides literacy tests?

Poll taxes and intimidation were used alongside literacy tests to prevent African Americans from voting.

How was the development of railroads beneficial to Texans? How were they powered?

Settlements increased at a rapid rate and more towns grew up in west Texas. The cities of Dallas, Fort Worth, San, Antonio all grew as a result of steam powered trains.

In post Civil War Texas, how did high demand for cotton affect the farming industry

High demand caused overproduction of cotton and low prices..

Who was James Hogg? What did he do

He served as the attorney general of Texas and was later elected as governor he wrote the state’s first antitrust law and established the Texas Railroad Commission to regulate railroads.

The Grange

The Grange was an organization that was meant to help farmers that were struggling.

The Farmers’ Alliance

An organization that petitioned the state government to pass reform laws to help farmers.

The Populist Party

The Populist Party was a political party formed to pass legislation to help farmers.

What are some examples of Progressive Era reform?

Women’s suffrage, temperance, populist reform(farmers), African American civil rights, Mexican American civil rights, etc.

How did the oil boom help the lumber industry?

Lumber was needed to build oil derricks.

What did Galveston do to protect itself after the Galveston Hurricane of 1900?

They built a six-mile long sea wall.

19th Amendment

Gave women the right to vote.

During the 1920s, what happened to the price of cotton as production increased?

As cotton production increased, the price of cotton fell.

What document caused the United States to join World War 1? What did the document say?

The Zimmerman Telegram was intercepted between Germany to Mexico during WW1 and asked Mexico to invade the United States. In return Germany would help Mexico reconquer lost territory in the U.S.

What new technology now used widespread during WW1?

Airplanes

How did the urbanization of Texas in the 1920s affect people’s way of life?

The urbanization of Texas caused more people to live in the cities than in rural areas.

How did the Dust Bowl impact Texas?

Many farmers abandoned their land or lost their farms due to the drought. One third of the panhandle population left the area.

Oveta Cup Hobby

Founder and commander of the Women’s Air Corps.

Audie Murphy

The most highly decorated American in WW2. In 1945 he single-handedly held off an attack by 200 Germans for 30 minutes so that the rest of his unit could escape.

Describe the POW camps and Japanese internment camps in the United States

People were removed from their homes and sent to these camps. Officials tried to make camp life as normal as possible, but those living in camps had limited freedom and were constantly under guard.

How were German Texans discriminated against during WW1 and 2?

German prisoners of war were sent to camps in Texas during the war. German Texans also faced discrimination during the war.

Holocaust

When Hitler had millions of Jews imprisoned and killed during WW2

Right to Petition

Citizens have the right to petition the government for or against laws.

Freedom of Speech

Citizens have the right to say what they think.

Freedom of Religion

The government can’t make one religion or stop people from practicing a religion.

Right to Bear Arms

Citizens have the right to own weapons to protect themselves.

Right to Trial by Jury

All Citizens have the right to a speedy trial by a jury.

Right to run for a political office.

Citizens have the right to serve in public office.

Right to vote

Citizens have the right to vote for politicians of their choice.

Freedom of the Press

the government cannot prevent news sources from reporting.

Popular Sovereignty

The government’s right to rule comes from the people

Limited Government

the government has the power the constitution gives to it.

Separation of Powers

The constitution divides the government into three branches.

Checks and Balances

Each brand of government ahs the power to limit the actions of the other two

Federalism

A way of governing where powers are shared between the federal and state governments

Republicanism

People get to vote for representatives

Individual Rights

Personal freedoms that are guaranteed to all people.

1836

Texas becomes an independent republic

1845

Texas was annexed by the United States

1861

Beginning of the Civil War(Texas secedes and joins the Confederacy)

1876

Texas adopts its current state constitution

1901

Oil was discovered at Spindletop, beginning a major oil boom

1st Amendment Rights

Freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and the right to petition the government