ATI TEAS 7: Basic Atomic Structure & Bonding Flashcards

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55 Terms

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Atom

Smallest unit of an element that retains its properties

<p>Smallest unit of an element that retains its properties</p>
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Proton

Positively charged particle found in the nucleus

<p>Positively charged particle found in the nucleus</p>
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Neutron

Neutral particle found in the nucleus

<p>Neutral particle found in the nucleus</p>
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Electron

Negatively charged particle found in the electron cloud

<p>Negatively charged particle found in the electron cloud</p>
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Nucleus

Center of the atom containing protons and neutrons

<p>Center of the atom containing protons and neutrons</p>
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Atomic Number

Number of protons in an atom

<p>Number of protons in an atom</p>
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Mass Number

Total number of protons and neutrons

<p>Total number of protons and neutrons</p>
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Ion

Atom that has gained or lost electrons

<p>Atom that has gained or lost electrons</p>
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Cation

Positively charged ion formed by losing electrons

<p>Positively charged ion formed by losing electrons</p>
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Anion

Negatively charged ion formed by gaining electrons

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What changes when an ion forms?

Number of electrons

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What never changes when an ion forms?

Number of protons

<p>Number of protons</p>
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Periodic Table

Chart that organizes elements by atomic number

<p>Chart that organizes elements by atomic number</p>
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Group (Periodic Table)

Vertical column; elements with similar properties

<p>Vertical column; elements with similar properties</p>
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Period (Periodic Table)

Horizontal row; indicates energy levels

<p>Horizontal row; indicates energy levels</p>
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Metals (Periodic Table)

Tend to lose electrons and form cations

<p>Tend to lose electrons and form cations</p>
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Nonmetals (Periodic Table)

Tend to gain electrons and form anions

<p>Tend to gain electrons and form anions</p>
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Noble Gases

Stable elements that rarely react

<p>Stable elements that rarely react</p>
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Covalent Bond

Chemical bond formed by sharing electrons

<p>Chemical bond formed by sharing electrons</p>
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Covalent Bond Forms

Molecules

<p>Molecules</p>
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Covalent Bond Example

H₂O

<p>H₂O</p>
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Ionic Bond

Chemical bond formed by transfer of electrons

<p>Chemical bond formed by transfer of electrons</p>
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Ionic Bond Forms

Ions and ionic compounds

<p>Ions and ionic compounds</p>
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Ionic Bond Example

NaCl

<p>NaCl</p>
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Which bond is stronger: ionic or covalent?

Ionic bond

<p>Ionic bond</p>
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Which bond involves metals and nonmetals?

Ionic bond

<p>Ionic bond</p>
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Which bond involves only nonmetals?

Covalent bond

<p>Covalent bond</p>
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TEAS Memory Tip - Protons

Identify the element

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TEAS Memory Tip - Electrons

Determine bonding and ion formation

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TEAS Memory Tip - Neutrons

Add mass to the atom

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Diagram shows center with + symbols

Nucleus containing protons

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Diagram shows neutral particles in nucleus

Neutrons

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Diagram shows small dots orbiting nucleus

Electrons

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Diagram labels center of atom

Nucleus

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Diagram shows atom with equal protons and electrons

Neutral atom

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Diagram shows more electrons than protons

Anion (negative ion)

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Diagram shows fewer electrons than protons

Cation (positive ion)

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Diagram shows atomic number highlighted

Number of protons

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Diagram shows mass number highlighted

Protons + neutrons

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Diagram shows electron shells/energy levels

Regions where electrons are found

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Diagram shows outermost shell emphasized

Valence electrons

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Diagram shows electron transfer from one atom to another

Ionic bond

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Diagram shows electrons shared between atoms

Covalent bond

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Diagram shows metal giving electron to nonmetal

Ionic compound formation

<p>Ionic compound formation</p>
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Diagram shows overlapping electron clouds

Covalent molecule

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Diagram of Na losing one electron

Sodium ion (Na⁺)

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Diagram of Cl gaining one electron

Chloride ion (Cl⁻)

<p>Chloride ion (Cl⁻)</p>
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Diagram shows brackets with charge symbol

Ion notation

<p>Ion notation</p>
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Diagram shows periodic table with group highlighted

Elements with similar properties

<p>Elements with similar properties</p>
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Diagram shows periodic table row highlighted

Period (energy level)

<p>Period (energy level)</p>
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+ in nucleus =

Protons

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Orbiting dots =

Electrons

<p>Electrons</p>
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Extra electrons =

Negative ion

<p>Negative ion</p>
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Shared dots =

Covalent bond

<p>Covalent bond</p>
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Transferred dot =

Ionic bond