MMSC200 chapter 8

abortion

Premature ending of pregnancy before the embryo or fetus is able to exist on its own.

abruptio placentae

Premature detachment of the placenta from its place in the uterine wall.

adnexa uteri

accessory structures associated with the uterus; fallopian tubes and ovaries

amenorrhea

absence of menstruation

amnion

Innermost membranous sac surrounding the developing fetus

amniotic fluid

Fluid contained within the amniotic sac surrounding the fetus.

anovulatory

Not accompanied by ovulation (release of eggs from the ovary).

anteversion

turning forward

apgar score

System of scoring an infant's physical condition at 1 and 5 minutes after birth.

areola

dark, pigmented area surrounding the breast nipple

aspiration

withdrawal of fluid from a cavity or sac with an instrument using suction

bartholin gland

Two small mucus-secreting glands near the opening of the vagina to the outside of the body.

bilateral oophorectomy

both ovaries are removed

carcinoma of the breast

malignant tumor of the breast

carcinoma of the cervix

malignant cells within the cervix

carcinoma of the endometrium

malignant tumor of the uterus

cephalic version

procedure for turning the fetus so that its head is the presenting part to enter the birth canal first

cervical dysplasia

abnormal cells in the cervix

cervicitis

inflammation of the cervix

cervix

neckline, lower portion of the uterus

ceasarean section

surgical incision of the abdominal wall and uterus to deliver a fetus

choriocarcinoma

cancerous tumor of the chorion

chorion

outermost membrane surround the developing fetus. It forms the fetal part of the placenta

chorionic

pertaining to the chorion

chorionic villus sampling

sampling of placental tissues (chorionic villi) for prenatal diagnosis

clitoris

sensitive erectile tissue anterior to the opening of the female urethra

coitus

sexual intercourse

colporrhaphy

suture of the vagina

colposcopy

visual examination of the vagina

conization

removal of a cone-shaped section of the cervic

corpus luteum

Yellow glandular mass (corpus) formed by an ovarian follicle that has matured and discharged its ovum. It secretes progesterone to maintain pregnancy.

cryocauterization

use of freezing cold temperatures to burn and destroy tissue

cul-de-sac

region in the lower abdomen between the uterus and the rectum

culdocentesis

surgical puncture of the cul-de-sac to remove fluid for analysis and diagnosis of disease

Cystadenocarcinoma

Malignant tumor containing fluid-filled sacs and glandular tissue; commonly occurring in the ovaries.

Cystadenoma

benign tumor of cystic and glandular components commonly found in the ovaries

dermoid cyst

Ovarian cysts lined with a variety of cell types (hair, skin, teeth).

dilatation

the action of widening and enlargement of a hollow organ

dilation and curettage (D&C)

widening (dilation) of the cervix and scraping the endometrial lining of the uterus

dyspareunia

painful intercourse

ectopic pregnancy

Pregnancy that is not in the normal location (uterus); a fallopian tube is the most common ectopic site.

embryo

stage in prenatal development from two to six weeks

endocervicitis

inflammation of the inner lining of the cervix

Endometriosis

endometrial tissue located outside the uterus712322

endometritis

inflammation of the inner lining of the uterus

endometrium

inner, mucous membrane lining of the uterus

episiotomy

Incision of the vulva (perineum) to widen the opening of the vagina during a difficult childbirth.

erythroblastosis fetalis

hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by a blood group incompatibility (Rh factor) between the mother and fetus

estrogen

Female hormone that promotes secondary sex characteristics and supports reproductive tissues.

fallopian tube

one of a pair of ducts through which the ovum travels to the uterus (oviducts or uterine tubes)

fertilization

union of sperm and egg (ovum)

fetal monitoring

continuous recording of fetal heart rate and uterine contractions during labor

fetal presentation

manner in which the fetus enters the birth canal

fetus

stage in prenatal development from 6 to 39/40 weeks

fibrocystic

Benign changes in tissue

fibroids

benign tumors of fibrous and muscular tissue in the uterus; leiomyomas

fimbriae

finger or fringe-like ends of the fallopian tubes

follicle stimulating hormone

secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate maturation of the egg cell

galactorrhea

Excessive or abnormal secretion of milk after breast-feeding has ended.

gamete

reproductive cell (ovum or sperm cell)

genitalia

reproductive organ (genitals)

gestation

nine month period during which a fertilized egg cell develops into an infant; pregnancy

gonad

female or male reproductive organ that produces sex cells and hormones; ovary or testis

graafian follicle

mature follicle

gynecomastia

Female-like breast enlargement in a male.

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

secreted by the placenta to sustain pregnancy

hyaline membrane disease

acute lung disease in premature infants; respiratory distress disease syndrome of the newborn

hydrocephalus

abnormal accumulation of fluid (CSF) in the brain

hymen

mucous membrane partially or completely covering the opening to the vagina

hysterectomy

surgical removal of the uterus

hysterosalpingography

x-ray recording of the uterus and fallopian tubes after injection of contrast material

hysteroscopy

visual examination of the uterus

in vitro fertilization

egg and sperm cells are combined outside the body in a laboratory dish to facilitate fertilization

intrauterine device

Device inserted by a physician into the uterus to prevent pregnancy.

involution

Shrinking of the uterus (womb) to its normal size after childbirth.

kernicterus

bilirubin staining of the basal nuclei of the brain

labia

lips of the vagina

lactation

production of milk

lactiferous ducts

Tubes that carry milk throughout the breast.

lactogenesis

production of milk

leiomyoma

smooth muscle tumor

leukorrhea

white to yellow discharge from the vagina

lumen

cavity or channel with a tube or tubular organ, as a blood vessel, vagina, or fallopian tube

luteinizing hormone (LH)

secreted by the pituitary gland to promote ovulation

mammary

pertaining to the breast

mammary papilla

nipple of the breast

mammography

x-ray imaging of the breast

mammoplasty

surgical repair of the breast

mastitis

inflammation of the breast

meconium aspiration syndrome

abnormal inhalation of meconium (first stools) by a fetus or newborn

menarche

beginning of the first menstrual period

menometrorrhagia

excessive uterine bleeding during menstruation and also between menstrual periods

menopause

gradual ending of menstruation

Menstruation

The shedding of the uterine lining

metorrhagia

abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods

multigravida

a woman who has been pregnant more than once

multipara

a woman who has delivered more than one viable infant

myomectomy

removal of muscle tumors (fibroids) from the uterus

myometrium

muscle layer of the uterus

nullipara

a woman who has never borne a viable child