KIN 372 Non-motor Areas (Quiz 2)

hair cells are types of ___.

mechanoreceptors

sound travels through the __ __ and ___ before reaching the cortex.

brainstem centers, thalamus

what are the sensory structures in the vestibular system?

three fluid filled semicircular canals

the hair cells in the vestibular system fire in response to ___ & ___ acceleration of the __ __.

linear, angular, head movement

the vestibular system has many connections in the ___ ___.

brainstem centers

how does head position influence movement?

- important for kinesthesis (knowing where you are in space)

- important for balance (connection with cerebellum)

- important for reflexes (vestibular-ocular reflex, righting reflex)

steps in visual processing:

- light sensitive tranducers in the retina

- signals are transmitted down optic nerve

- at the optic chiasm, left visual field goes to right and right goes to left

- signal goes through thalamus NOT brainstem and then to primary visual cortex via optic radiation

does visual information pass through brainstem?

no

what are the 2 types of eye movement?

- saccades (basal ganglia)

- smooth pursuit (cerebellum)

function of saccades?

ballistic

function of smooth pursuit?

tracking or anticipation

what are the 2 visual steams and what do they encode?

they work together

- ventral stream: processes information about WHAT something is

- dorsal stream: processes WHERE something is

what is the difference between ambient and focal vision?

mangocellular (where)

- ambient vision

- dorsal stream, motion vision, not conscious, relatively fast, orientation of body in space

pavocellular (what?)

- focal vision

- ventral stream, object vision, conscious, slow, shapes/colors/patterns

rods

sensitive to dim light

cones

bright lights, colors

what is advance visual information and how does it influence movement?

- gaining information prior to movement

- location, size, weight, texture, where object is relative to self (exproprioreceptors)

what is feed forward visual information and how does it influence movement?

- anticipating while moving

- door handle moving, reach and grasp an object, hitting a pitched ball

what is feedback visual information and how does it influence movement?

- responding while moving, or before you move again

- glass tips and you catch it, carrying a full glass of water, reaching for a slowly moving object that is moving randomly