Principles of Public Health Final

Pincura F'25

According to the KFF data featured in the module, what was the US infant mortality rate in 2017?

5.8 per 1,000 live births

True or false: 2017 infant mortality rates were the highest in the state of California. 

False

True or false: the highest infant mortality rate in 2017 was among Hispanic Americans. 

False

True or false: among maternal age groups, the lowest infant mortality rate in 2017 was among young mothers.

False

Death while pregnant or within one year of the end of the pregnancy is called:

Pregnancy-associated death

Greater longevity among Hispanic Americans despite relatively high rates of chronic disease and high rates of uninsurance is referred to as:

The Hispanic Mortality Paradox 

Since the 1960s, child mortality in the United States has significantly:

Decreased

The constitutional right to an abortion was struck down in 2022 by the Supreme Court’s ruling for which of the following cases:

Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization

True or False: In 2021, firearms were the leading cause of child mortality in the US. 

True

True or False: Child mortality in the US has historically been lower than the OECD19 average. 

False

True or False: US working-aged adults, on average, live longer than working-aged adults in other developed nations.

False

True or false: the average lifespan of US working-aged adults increased between 1950-2010. 

True

True or false: historically, working-aged adult males have lived longer on average than working-aged US females. 

False

True or false: American Indian and Alaska Native Americans have shorter lifespans, on average, than white Americans. 

True

Which of the following was not a leading cause of death in the US in 2021:

HIV/AIDS -related causes

What was the biggest reason for reduced mortality among working-aged adults between 1950 and 2010? 

A decrease in heart disease

True or false: life expectancy increases among US working-aged adults began to decrease around 2010.

True

True or false: recent decreases in longevity gains among working-aged US adults are especially significant for higher earning, more highly educated Americans. 

False

True or false: the highest concentration of heart disease in 2018-2020 was on the coast of California.

False

Which of the following is not one of the major social determinant of health domains identified by the US government?

Access to Affordable, High-Quality Nutrition

True or false: the proportion of adults aged 65+ has decreased as a fraction of the overall US population in recent decades. 

False

True or false: US females were the longest-living adults among OECD countries in 2007.

False

True or false: The US birth rate has been steadily increasing in recent years.

False

Which of the following best describes the US death rate among adults at least 65 years of age during the height of the covid-19 pandemic (around 2021-2022)?

The death rate rose sharply 

True or false: the life expectancy at age 65 of US females is predicted to continue to increase, and the life expectancy at age 65 of US males is also predicted to continue to increase. 

True

True or false: the proportion of Americans aged 65 or older is predicted to peak in 2035 and then declined. 

False

Which of the following has been the leading cause of death of US seniors since 1999?

Heart diseases

True or false: the proportion of non-Hispanic white Americans is projected to decline. 

True

True or false: the number of workers per Social Security beneficiary is projected to increase.

False

True or false: among age groups of Americans, healthcare spending is the highest for those 85 years of age and older.

True

“Differences that exist among specific population groups in the United States in the attainment of full health potential that can be measured by differences in incidence, prevalence, mortality, burden of disease, and other adverse health conditions” are referred to as:

Health disparities

The conditions in the environments where people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes and risks are called:

The social determinants of health 

Which of the following is not one of the five social determinant of health domains?

Nutrition quality and access

True or false: the uninsured rate of Black Americans has increased dramatically since the passage of the Affordable Care Act. 

False

True or false: Asian Americans have the lowest uninsured rate of all racial and ethnic groups. 

True

True or false: the number of uninsured US children increased between 2008 and 2023.

False

True or false: working-aged women were more likely to have insurance than working-aged men in 2021. 

True

True or false: the US rural population is generally younger and healthier than the country as a whole. 

False

True or false: immigrants in the US tend to use more healthcare than people do on average. 

False

True or false: the uninsurance rate of the US homeless population is about 90%. 

False

Public institutions that were primarily designed to provide shelter for the poor, elderly, and other vulnerable populations, including people with mental illness were called:

Almshouses

The “father of modern psychiatry,” who helped lay the groundwork for a compassionate view of mental illness, was:

Benjamin Rush

The purpose of which of the following was to improve mental health services, conduct research on mental illnesses, and train mental health professionals: 

The Mental Health Act of 1946

The introduction of which drug class marked a turning point in the treatment of severe mental illness, aiding the deinstitutionalization effort?

Antipsychotics

The process of reducing the number of people in large psychiatric hospitals and moving them into community-based care settings is called:

Deinstitutionalization

The Carter administration initiative designed to fund the community mental health center system across the US was:

Mental Health Systems Act of 1980

What percentage of US adults experience some form of mental illness every year? 

About 19% 

Among the high-income countries featured in the lecture, which had the highest suicide rate in 2021?

The US

True or false: the US suicide rate was higher in 2022 than in 2000.

True

Among 2023 student survey data reported by CDC, how many students reported poor mental health?

Almsot 30%

True or false: substance use, misuse, and abuse costs the US over $740 billion annually. 

True

“A chronic disease characterized by drug seeking and use that is compulsive, or difficult to control, despite harmful consequences” is how the National Institute on Drug Abuse defines:

Addiction

Select the correct term for a medical condition characterized by the recurrent use of alcohol or other drugs that leads to clinically significant impairment or distress: 

Substance use disorder

True or false: the majority of fatal overdoses in the US involve cocaine. 

False

True or false: substance abuse is the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in the US

True

Which type of drug overdose is the most common worldwide?

Opioids

Which of the following caused the most overdose deaths in the US in 2022?

Synthetic opioids other than methadone

True or false: the majority of drug overdose deaths in the US are among white Americans. 

True

True or false: illicit drug use by US adolescents peaked around 2005. 

False

True or false: alcohol use among US adolescents is on the decline. 

True

The three major domains by which health systems are evaluated include cost, access, and: 

Quality

True or false: US healthcare spending is higher than any other nation. 

True

Which of the following is not considered a major driver of high US healthcare spending?

Nurses’ salaries

How many citizens have health insurance is a way to measure:

Access

True or false: of all countries included in the Commonwealth study, Americans faced the fewest barriers to accessing healthcare. 

False

True or false: about 20% of Americans were uninsured in 2023. 

False

True or false: under the Affordable Care Act, all states have expanded Medicaid eligibility. 

False

Patient satisfaction scores are a measure of:

Quality

Insured individuals facing out-of-pocket costs that make accessing healthcare too difficult are experiencing:

Underinsurance

True or false: the ACA Required insurance policies with dependent coverage to insure children of policyholders until age 26. 

True