Unit 5 AP Pysc: DISORDERS

Unit 5 AP Pysc Disorders

Distress

Emotional pain or suffering.

Deviance

Behavior or thoughts that deviate significantly from cultural norms.

Psychodynamic Perspective

Emphasizes unconscious conflicts from childhood as causes of psychological disorders.

Behavioral Perspective

Views learned maladaptive behaviors via conditioning as causes of psychological disorders.

Cognitive Perspective

Focuses on faulty thought patterns or irrational beliefs as causes of psychological disorders.

Humanistic Perspective

Centers on lack of self-actualization or authentic self-expression as causes of psychological disorders.

Sociocultural Perspective

Considers cultural, societal, or environmental influences as causes of psychological disorders.

Diathesis-Stress Model

Suggests psychological disorders result from genetic predisposition combined with environmental stressors.

ACEs (Adverse Childhood Experiences)

Childhood trauma viewed as a precursor to psychological disorders.

Biopsychosocial Model

Examines the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors in psychological disorders.

DSM-5

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders used to classify and diagnose mental illnesses.

Agoraphobia

Fear of situations where escape is difficult.

Panic Disorder

Characterized by recurrent panic attacks and fear of future attacks.

Social Anxiety Disorder

Fear of social situations and judgment.

Specific Phobia

Intense fear of a specific object or situation.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Excessive worry and physical tension.

Major Depressive Disorder

Persistent sadness and loss of interest in activities.

Bipolar Disorder

Characterized by alternation between episodes of depression and mania.

Mania

State marked by euphoria, hyperactivity, and impulsive behavior.

ADHD

Neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

PTSD

Characterized by flashbacks, avoidance, and hypervigilance post-trauma.

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Involves multiple distinct identities.

Dissociative Amnesia

Memory loss that is not related to physical injury.

Anorexia Nervosa

Eating disorder involving extreme calorie restriction and distorted body image.

Bulimia Nervosa

Eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging.

Schizophrenia Symptoms

Includes delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thinking.

Obsessions

Intrusive thoughts in OCD.

Compulsions

Repetitive behaviors performed to reduce anxiety in OCD.

Cluster A Personality Disorders

Includes odd/eccentric disorders such as Paranoid and Schizoid.

Cluster B Personality Disorders

Includes dramatic/emotional disorders such as Antisocial and Borderline.

Cluster C Personality Disorders

Includes anxious/fearful disorders like Avoidant and Dependent.

Cognitive Therapy

Focuses on restructuring faulty thinking patterns.

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Combines cognitive and behavioral strategies.

Exposure Therapy

Gradual exposure to fears to reduce anxiety.

Humanistic Therapy

Focused on self-growth and empathy.

Psychotropic Medications

Includes antidepressants, anxiolytics, antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers.

ECT (Electroconvulsive Therapy)

Treatment for severe depression.

rTMS (Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation)

Non-invasive treatment for depression.

What are the three clusters of personality disorders?

Cluster A: odd and eccentric----->common theme of this group is social withdraw and awkwardness

Cluster B: dramatic, emotional, erratic------> problems with controlling emotions and impulses

Cluster C: anxious and fearful------>ANXIOUS ALL DA TIME

Schizoid

-cluster A
-characterized by isolation, distatchment and getting NO PLEASURE FROM HUMAN INTERACTION
-don't respond to social cues, appear cold

Schizotypal

-cluster A
-found in families where schizophrenia has been diagnosed
-not as severe as schizophrenia
-but people with it engage in distorted thinking...believe they can read other people's thoughts or have distorted perceptions and see things that aren't really there

Antisocial Personality Disorder

-cluster B
-defined by deceit, manipulation, disregard for others, and NO REMORSE for your actions
-diagnosis is more likely to be given to males

Narcisstic Personality Disorder

-cluster B
-inflated sense of self worth
-believe they DESERVE SPECIAL TREATMENT

Borderline Personality Disorder

-cluster B
-more prevalent among females who lack strong long term relationships, self image, and emotions
-have an intense fear of abandonment which encourages promiscuity
-engage in IMPULSIVE BEHAVIOR

Histrionic Personality Disorder

-cluster B
-exaggerated emotions and attention seeking behavior
-employ any means neccessary to be CENTER OF ATTENTION

Dependent Personality Disorder

-cluster C
-need to be taken care of by someone else
-cling to others
-will always replace their previous helper if that relationship dissolves

Avoidant Personality Disorder

-cluster C
-characterized by intense fear OF REJECTION AND FAILURE

-leads to avoiding any social situation which could cause these feared outcomes

Obsessive Compulsive PERSONALITY Disorder

-cluster C
-fixation on perfection, orderliness, rules and control
-become preoccupied with obsessions/FAIL to complete tasks

Humanistic Approach used to treat disorders

CARL RODGERS

The therapist must show EMPATHY, GENUINESS, AND UNCONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGARD.

Humanistic Approach used to treat disorders

FRITZ PERLS

GESALT THERAPY

-uses EMPTY CHAIR TECHNIQUE to role play conversations
-often conducted in group settings