Medical Terminology & Intro Body Systems Appendix 1: Body Systems

According to this report, the patient has a history of:

Chest pain

Which symptoms may have exacerbated recently?

Difficult, painful breathing and exercise-induced chest pain

dyspnea

difficult, painful breathing

exacerbation

to increase in severity

nitroglycerin

a drug used to dilate (widen) blood vessels

sublingually

pertaining to under the tongue

The patient appeared at the doctor’s office with a previously diagnosed condition of:

Malignant tumor of the colon 

What procedure did this patient have recently that diagnosed the condition? 

Visual examination of her large intestine 

What procedure is the patient scheduled to have done? 

Removal of the sigmoid colon and possible excision of additional colonic tissue

anorexia

loss of appetite

hemorrhoidal

pertaining to swollen, twisted veins in the rectal region

infiltrating

pathological accumulation in tissues of substances not normal to them

sessile

attached by a broad base

resection

removal, excision

How do insulin pumps deliver insulin to the body? 

Through a tube inserted into tissue under the skin 

The insulin pump can 

Automatically vary the amount of insulin delivered 

buffered

acidity and alkalinity of a solution are regulated; set

cannula

a tube for insertion into a cavity or duct; usually containing a trocar, which is a surgical instrument. Following insertion of the cannula and trocar, the trocar is removed and the cannula remains open as a channel for the flow of fluid

catheter

a tube for removing or injecting fluids

glucose

sugar

portal

pertaining to veins leading into the liver from the pancreatic region

subcutaneous

pertaining to under the skin (cutane/o)

Which abbreviation best describes the patient’s reproductive history? 

G1P0

On the day before admission, the patient had uterine contractions, probably caused by: 

A fall on the lower part of her back

bloody show

vaginal discharge of blood-tinged mucus; often means that the cervix has dilated somewhat and the onset of labor is soon.

G1P0

gravida 1 (first pregnancy); para 0 (no viable offspring produced)

PIH

pregnancy-induced hypertension

UC

uterine contraction

UTI

urinary tract infection

MSW

medical social worker

postpartum

after birth

resuscitation

administering emergency measures to support newborn adaptation to extrauterine life

Hodgkin lymphoma primarily affects all of the following except: 

Nervous system 

Stage IV disease means that: 

Tumor includes tissue outside the lymphatic system and involves hepatopathy, osteopathy, myelopathy, and other organs

extranodal

pertaining to outside the lymph nodes

stages

classifications reflecting the extent of spread of a malignant tumor

What blood test led the doctors to suspect that Mr. Short had prostate carcinoma? 

PSA

What treatment ruled out prostatitis as a possible diagnosis? 

Two-week course of an antibacterial drug 

vasectomy

Two tubes that carry sperm from the testicles are cut and tied off

DRE

The physician inserts a gloved finger into the patient’s rectum to detect rectal cancer and as a primary method to detect prostate cancer. Stool on the removed glove is tested for occult blood, a possible sign of disease

TURP

Removal of portions of the prostate gland with an endoscope inserted into the urethra

PSA

prostatic specific antigen, a substance found in the bloodstream, produced both by malignant tumor cells and cells that are inflamed.

seminal vesicle

one of two glands located near the prostate gland; produces semen that is excreted during ejaculation.

The patient has had an injury to: 

Right ankle; inner region 

The MRI indicates that the patient has a: 

Fluid collection over the medial part of the ankle and tear of the connective tissue connecting muscle to bone

effusion

escape of fluid into tissue or a part of the body

induration

hardening of tissue; usually due to collection of fluid

malleolus

a rounded process on either side of the ankle joint

plantar arch

curved portion (arch) of the sole (plantar) or bottom of the foot

According to this report, lumbar puncture is: 

Not always necessary to diagnose hospital-caused meningitis

Fever and delirium: 

Are often signs of meningitis

CSF

cerebrospinal fluid (found in ventricles, or chambers, in the brain and between the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord)

delirium

acute, fleeting loss of consciousness with change in awareness of surroundings and disorganized thinking

morbidity

condition of being diseased 

nosocomial

pertaining to originating in a hospital

The procedure included all of the following except: 

Incision of a bronchus with removal of a rib

A finding as a result of the procedure was: 

Nodular lesion under the pleura at the base of the left lower lobe of the lung 

adhesion

union of two surfaces that are normally separate; adhesions are often scar tissue resulting from surgery

apex

pointed end of a structure; the apex of the lung is its uppermost part

basilar

pertaining to the base (lower arm)

carina

a ridge at the lower end of the trachea separating the openings of the two bronchi

parenchyma

the essential parts of an organ that are concerned with its main function 

patent

open

The patient’s cancer spread to all the following areas except: 

Kidney

The patient’s combination chemotherapy trial consisted of: 

Use of several drugs together 

axillary

pertaining to the armpit (underarm area)

protocol

a plan for treatment 

granulocyte

a type of white blood cell 

irradiated

use of high-energy radiation to destroy tissue 

tamoxifen

drug that has an antiestrogen effect and combats tumor growth in breast and other cancers

The patient’s reason for appearing at the clinic was

Painful urination 

What acute symptom followed? 

Blood in urine 

The patient’s diagnosis was

Malignant tumor of the urinary bladder 

What procedure indicated that the tumor had not spread? 

Removal of lymph nodes on both sides of the hip region

nocturia

excessive urination at night

orifice

opening

panendoscopy

visual examination of the interior of an organ with a wide-angle view 

pyuria

pus in urine 

urolithiasis

abnormal condition of stones in the urinary tract 

The acronym LNMP refers to the ____.

first day of a woman's last menstrual period

Pertaining to the voice box

laryngeal

Angina:

Chest Pain

Lower chambers of the heart

Ventricles

"The middle layer of the meninges, named for its spider web-like appearance, is the ____."

arachnoid mater

The smaller of the two lower leg bones is the:

Fibula

Lateral curvature of the spinal column:

Scoliosis

Largest artery in the body

aorta

The adrenal glands sit atop the:

kidneys

The ____ is the largest part of the brain and is divided into two halves.

Cerebrum

Includes the brain and spinal cord-

central nervous system

Inflammation of the gallbladder is called____.

Cholecystitis

Tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Urethra

"A rubber-like padding that covers and protects the ends of long bones at the joints, and is a structural component of the rib cage, the ear, the nose, the bronchial tubes, the intervertebral discs, and many other body components:"

Cartilage

An X-ray exam of the Fallopian tubes and uterus in which a contrast medium such as dye or air is used is ____

hysterosalpingography

The metatarsals are located in the:

Foot

"In ___, also called heartburn, stomach acids are pushed into the esophagus."

GERD

Pertaining to the largest part of the brain:

Cerebral

The space in the chest between the lungs is the:

Mediastinum

"Spongy, porous bone tissue is also called:"

Cancellous bone

True/False

Enlargement of the liver is termed hepatomegaly. 

True