APUSH Period 7

Teddy Roosevelt

• Early on, showed liberal tendencies and was the first to use Sherman Antitrust Act against monopolies

• Nicknamed "Trustbuster" for his efforts to break up monopolies

• Encouraged Congress to pass Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act to protect workers and consumers

• Created National Park Service and National Forest Service to conserve natural resources

William Howard Taft

• Pursued monopolies even more aggressively than Roosevelt

• Known for "dollar diplomacy" - securing favorable relationships with Latin American and East Asian countries by providing monetary loans

Woodrow Wilson

• Argued that federal government had to assume greater control over business to protect man's freedom

• Created Federal Trade Commission, enforced Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914, and helped create Federal Reserve System

Roosevelt Corollary/Big Stick Policy

• The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, also known as the Big Stick Policy, was used to justify repeated military intervention in Latin America due to the assertion of a threat to American security.

Espionage Act in 1917

• Espionage Act prohibited interference with the war effort or draft through the U.S. mail system

Sedition Act in 1918

• Sedition Act made it illegal to try to prevent the sale of war bonds or speak disparagingly of the government, military, or Constitution

Schenck v. United States

• Supreme Court upheld the Espionage Act in 1919 in three separate cases, the most notable being Schenck v. United States

• Schenck was arrested and convicted for violating the Espionage Act by printing and mailing leaflets urging men to resist the draft

• Supreme Court ruled that freedom of speech and civil liberties could be curtailed if actions posed a “clear and present danger” to others or the nation

The Palmer Raids

• In early 1920, government raided suspected radical groups around the country in the Palmer Raids

• Government abandoned all pretext of respecting civil liberties as agents raided union halls, pool halls, social clubs, and residences

• Over 10,000 arrested in over 30 cities, but few weapons or bombs were found

• 500 immigrants were eventually deported

Committee on Public Information (CPI)

• Government helped create frenzied atmosphere through its wartime propaganda arm, the Committee on Public Information (CPI)

• CPI messages grew more sensational as the war progressed

• Image of Germans as cold-blooded, baby-killing, power-hungry Huns created through lectures, movie theaters, newspapers, and magazines

• Americans rejected all things German, changed name of sauerkraut to “liberty cabbage”

Civil Conservation Corps (CCC)

• putting nearly 3 million young men to work

Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)

• This organization gave money to the states in order to found their works projects.

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

• agency created in the New Deal to oversee the construction of dams, providing electricity and flood control for many in the Tennessee River Valley; for many in the region, this was the first time their homes had electricity.

Wilson's Fourteen Points

• served as basis for initial negotiations

  • Called for free trade, reduction of arms, self-determination, end of colonialism, League of Nations

Emergency Quota Act of 1924

• set immigration quotas based on national origins

• Discriminated against southern and Eastern European "new immigrants"

18th Amendment

Prohibition

October 1929 stock market crash

• triggers the Great Depression

Factors contributing to the Great Depression

• Europe's economy due to WWI and reparations, overproduction leading to lay offs and low market value, production outstripping ability to buy, concentration of wealth and power in a few businessmen, government laxity in regulation

Roosevelt's Court-Packing Scheme

• Attempted to increase Supreme Court size from 9 justices to 15

• Wanted to pick justices who supported his policies

• Rejected by Congress