Aristotle and Cicero on Politics

A series of flashcards covering key concepts from Aristotle and Cicero's views on politics, focusing on regime types, the role of the middling class, virtue, and the importance of a mixed constitution.

What are the three correct regime types according to Aristotle?

Kingship, Aristocracy, and Polity.

What is the corrupt form of Kingship?

Tyranny, where one rules for personal benefit.

What is crucial for the preservation of regimes according to Aristotle?

Rule in accordance with the law and common good, educating citizens in virtue, and involving the middling class in governance.

Why is the middling class important in politics?

They help maintain stability as they are not rich enough to oppress nor poor enough to be envious.

What are the benefits of a mixed regime?

More stability, justice, and inclusiveness, preventing domination by any one class.

How does wealth influence political regimes?

Oligarchies favor the rich, while democracies favor the poor.

What does Aristotle mean by the interaction between universal and specific in politics?

Universal principles must be applied to the specific circumstances of each polis.

What is the essential connection between virtue and citizenship according to Aristotle?

A good citizen acts according to moral virtue and supports the constitution.

What is Cicero's view on patriotism?

Civic engagement is essential and true patriotism involves defending the rule of law and commitment to justice.

What is the structure of Cicero's mixed constitution?

It combines monarchy (consuls), aristocracy (Senate), and democracy (popular assemblies) to balance governance.

What is the duty of wise and virtuous citizens in politics, according to Cicero?

To lead and secure justice and order as it is the highest form of service.

What are the criteria for good political leadership as per Aristotle and Cicero?

Both emphasize virtue, experience, concern for the common good, and education for cultivating moral clarity.

What is Aristotle's view on the role of war in politics?

War is a means to peace and virtue, not an end.

How do both philosophers view the relationship between virtue and politics?

Both agree that virtue is essential and that selfish rule undermines the common good.