Unit 1 APGOPO

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242 Terms

1
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A strong national government that had more power than the state governments
Federalists support (1)
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A national financial and banking system
Federalists support (2)
3
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Growth of the United States by adding new states
Federalists support (3)
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The limiting of the power of various factions so that they could not control the government
Federalists support (4)
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the federalist papers were written by
Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay
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How many essays were in the Federalist Papers?
85 essays
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what were the federalist papers in support of?
the ratification of the constitution
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James Madison argued that there was no way to prevent factions unless
people's liberties are reduced or removed, which goes against the ideas of the Constitution
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Madison argued that through federalism the effects of factionalism could be
contained and the extreme consequences could be prevented
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define symbolism
the use of images to represent other concepts (people, events, ideas, and ideologies, broad historical concepts)
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define exaggeration
representing something as better or worse than it is in reality
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define distortion
a technique that purposefully exaggerates a personal feature
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define stereotypes
widely held and often simplified ideas about nationalities
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define irony
the difference between the way things are and the way things are expected to be
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define political satire
a method of finding humor and entertainment in politics, to convey their message
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the articles of confederation were the first...
Constitution of the U.S. government
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the AOC only consisted of what branch?
the legislative branch
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What did John Hanson accomplish during his one year term?
Created the Secretary of War and founded the Departments of Treasury and Foreign Affairs
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Who wrote the first SOC?
the second Continental Congress
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Why was the first AOC written?
to achieve military and diplomatic goals
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When was the first AOC ratified and replaced?
ratified in 1781, replaced in 1789
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How would one described the type of government the AOC created?
loosely connected and decentralized
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Why was the first AOC loosely connected and decentralized government?
1. Experience with the British Monarchy
2. Perceived tyranny imposed by taxes (sugar and tea)
3. Quartering Act : forced people to house British soldiers (they were basically spies)
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what were the limitations of the AOC?
Each state had only one vote, no power to tax federally, no power to coin currency, no mechanism to control trade, competing interests, no mediating body between the states, and lack of resources
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Could not control the circulation or set a single national
monetary system
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it was difficult to pass laws because how many states were required for approval (under the original AOC)?
9/13
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Southern states and northern states had competing views on tariff policy because
southern states produced more raw materials and northern states produced more manufactured goods
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there was no mediating body between states (under the OG AOC), meaning that
there was no judicial branch
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In order to fight the American Revolution, we borrowed money from
France & other countries
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North America had no money to pay soldiers who fought in the
American Revolution
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There was no standing (under the og AOC)...
army or navy
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What was the Land Ordinance of 1785?
law which designed a system for managing and settling lands in the Northwest Territory (The area of NW of the Ohio River, east of the Mississippi River, and South of the Great Lakes would be sold to pay off debt)
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What was the Northwest Ordinance of 1787?
It was a plan for governing the territory and forming new states. (60,000 settlers = statehood)
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What was the Full Faith and Credit Clause?
Constitution's requirement that each state accept the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state
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In 1786, Massachusetts raised taxes to pay off
debt (required to use paper money to pay new taxes)
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(Shays' Rebellion) Soldiers in the Continental Army were underpaid or not paid by
Continental Congress
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(Shays' Rebellion) Paper money used in cities; barter system used in
rural areas
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(Shays' Rebellion) Massachusetts foreclosed on farms when
debts weren't paid
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(Quelling Shays' Rebellion) Federal Government could not fund itself or
raise an army
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(Quelling Shays' rebellion) Massachusetts raised a Militia through
private donations from its citizens
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(Quelling Shays' Rebellion) Led by Benjamin Lincoln the
rebellion was ended
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Because of Shays' Rebellion...
Order was restored in MA and laws were passed in the state legislature to ease taxation & lack of paper currency on farmers
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in 1787, the size of the US was larger than most
European countries
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Because of the size of the US (1787), there were issues with
transportation and communication
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Some big problems with the size of the U.S. were
1. Poor roads and communication systems
2. problems with the unification of the states
3. Difference in economic systems also led to problems with unification
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When and where did the constitutional convention take place?
1787, Philadelphia, PA
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How many states sent delegates to the constitutional convention?
12/13 states sent delegates (Rhode Island did not out of fear that states would lose most of their powers)
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What was the goal of the constitutional convention?
amend the AOC
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Two items voted on immediately at the constitutional convention were
1. the election of George Washington as President of the convention
2. adoption of a vow of secrecy
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Define factions
Groups of like-minded people who try to influence the government. American government is set up to avoid domination by any one of these groups.
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Some of the most famous federalists are
James Madison, John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, George Washington
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federalists supported a more unified and powerful
federal government
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Federalists represented
the economic interests and the elites (plantation owners in the South, merchants in the North)
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Federalists wanted a president who served for ____ and not elected by the ______
life, people
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to federalists, direct democracy meant
rule by the mob
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Some famous Anti-Federalists are
Patrick Henry (refused to attend the Constitutional Convention), George Mason, Robert Yates, James Monroe
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Anti-federalists supported
state rights
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Anti-federalists represented the rights of
small farmers and people in business (aka the working class)
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Anti-federalists wanted ______ ________ of representatives & guarantee of what?
direct election, civil liberty protections
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The Virginia Plan had how many branches of government
three (Bicameral legislature, judicial, and executive branches)
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Under the Virginia Plan, legislature was to have more power than the
executive and judicial
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Under the Virginia Plan, representation was based on what?
population or taxes paid to the federal government
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Who created the Virginia Plan?
James Madison
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Who supported the Virginia Plan?
federalists, as well as larger states
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Who created the New Jersey Plan?
William Patterson
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What kind of legislature made up the New Jersey plan?
Unicameral legislature
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Unicameral legislature meant
one representative per state, one assembly of people that legislates and votes as one
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Legislature could elect the
president (parliamentary system)
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resident would select the members of the
judiciary
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Who supported the New Jersey Plan?
anti-federalists
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What is a bicameral legislature?
a legislature with two houses
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How are Representatives apportioned?
It is based on population of the state
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What is the house of representatives sole authority?
to write tax bills and deal with impeachment
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What are some unique aspects of the HOR
meets the needs of the citizens, directly elected, 2-year terms
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How is the Senate apportioned?
2 per state
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What are some unique aspects of the Senate
meets the needs of the states, state legislatures choose, 6-year terms, staggered elections
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What are the authorities of the Senate
provides consent and advice on treaties, presidential appointees, and impeachment trials
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What was the Three-Fifths Compromise?
Each slave would count as three-fifths of one person for purposes of representation in the House for representation and taxation
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(3/5 compromise) The South wanted to
count enslaved individuals for representation
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(3/5 compromise) The North wanted to
not count enslaved individuals
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In terms of goods, Northern states produced
industrialized, produced, and finished goods
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there were import tariffs on
foreign goods
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an import tariff meant
less competition & domestic products cost more money
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Export tariff on raw materials to fund the
national government
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In terms of goods, Southern states produced
Agricultural, raw materials
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Export tariff would make the South's goods too
expensive
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The Commerce Compromise included:
Import tariff, no export tariff, & federal government regulates interstate commerce (⅔ majority vote in senate)
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International slave trade was a significant component of
commerce
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Who wanted to keep and get rid of the slave trade?
Southern states wanted to keep, Northern states wanted to abolish
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when was the first U.S. Census
1790 (accounted for 697,897 enslaved people)
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What was the Fugitive Slave Act
A law that made it a crime to help runaway slaves; allowed for the arrest of escaped slaves in areas where slavery was illegal and required their return to slaveholders
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International Slave Trade compromise
Slave trade would continue 20 years (1880)
Fugitive slave act
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Jefferson abolished the international slave trade in
March 1807
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Jefferson abolishing international slave trade did nothing to stop the
domestic slave trade
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what was the Executive Compromise
the President would be elected for a four-year term by electors chosen in a manner prescribed by the state legislatures
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Electoral College
A group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president
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The first AOC created a strong
national government
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The first AOC strengthened the economic powers of the
state governments
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The first AOC supported
state sovereignty
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The first AOC was
unicameral