Unit 1 APGOPO

A strong national government that had more power than the state governments

Federalists support (1)

A national financial and banking system

Federalists support (2)

Growth of the United States by adding new states

Federalists support (3)

The limiting of the power of various factions so that they could not control the government

Federalists support (4)

the federalist papers were written by

Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay

How many essays were in the Federalist Papers?

85 essays

what were the federalist papers in support of?

the ratification of the constitution

James Madison argued that there was no way to prevent factions unless

people's liberties are reduced or removed, which goes against the ideas of the Constitution

Madison argued that through federalism the effects of factionalism could be

contained and the extreme consequences could be prevented

define symbolism

the use of images to represent other concepts (people, events, ideas, and ideologies, broad historical concepts)

define exaggeration

representing something as better or worse than it is in reality

define distortion

a technique that purposefully exaggerates a personal feature

define stereotypes

widely held and often simplified ideas about nationalities

define irony

the difference between the way things are and the way things are expected to be

define political satire

a method of finding humor and entertainment in politics, to convey their message

the articles of confederation were the first...

Constitution of the U.S. government

the AOC only consisted of what branch?

the legislative branch

What did John Hanson accomplish during his one year term?

Created the Secretary of War and founded the Departments of Treasury and Foreign Affairs

Who wrote the first SOC?

the second Continental Congress

Why was the first AOC written?

to achieve military and diplomatic goals

When was the first AOC ratified and replaced?

ratified in 1781, replaced in 1789

How would one described the type of government the AOC created?

loosely connected and decentralized

Why was the first AOC loosely connected and decentralized government?

1. Experience with the British Monarchy
2. Perceived tyranny imposed by taxes (sugar and tea)
3. Quartering Act : forced people to house British soldiers (they were basically spies)

what were the limitations of the AOC?

Each state had only one vote, no power to tax federally, no power to coin currency, no mechanism to control trade, competing interests, no mediating body between the states, and lack of resources

Could not control the circulation or set a single national

monetary system

it was difficult to pass laws because how many states were required for approval (under the original AOC)?

9/13

Southern states and northern states had competing views on tariff policy because

southern states produced more raw materials and northern states produced more manufactured goods

there was no mediating body between states (under the OG AOC), meaning that

there was no judicial branch

In order to fight the American Revolution, we borrowed money from

France & other countries

North America had no money to pay soldiers who fought in the

American Revolution

There was no standing (under the og AOC)...

army or navy

What was the Land Ordinance of 1785?

law which designed a system for managing and settling lands in the Northwest Territory (The area of NW of the Ohio River, east of the Mississippi River, and South of the Great Lakes would be sold to pay off debt)

What was the Northwest Ordinance of 1787?

It was a plan for governing the territory and forming new states. (60,000 settlers = statehood)

What was the Full Faith and Credit Clause?

Constitution's requirement that each state accept the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state

In 1786, Massachusetts raised taxes to pay off

debt (required to use paper money to pay new taxes)

(Shays' Rebellion) Soldiers in the Continental Army were underpaid or not paid by

Continental Congress

(Shays' Rebellion) Paper money used in cities; barter system used in

rural areas

(Shays' Rebellion) Massachusetts foreclosed on farms when

debts weren't paid

(Quelling Shays' Rebellion) Federal Government could not fund itself or

raise an army

(Quelling Shays' rebellion) Massachusetts raised a Militia through

private donations from its citizens

(Quelling Shays' Rebellion) Led by Benjamin Lincoln the

rebellion was ended

Because of Shays' Rebellion...

Order was restored in MA and laws were passed in the state legislature to ease taxation & lack of paper currency on farmers

in 1787, the size of the US was larger than most

European countries

Because of the size of the US (1787), there were issues with

transportation and communication

Some big problems with the size of the U.S. were

1. Poor roads and communication systems
2. problems with the unification of the states
3. Difference in economic systems also led to problems with unification

When and where did the constitutional convention take place?

1787, Philadelphia, PA

How many states sent delegates to the constitutional convention?

12/13 states sent delegates (Rhode Island did not out of fear that states would lose most of their powers)

What was the goal of the constitutional convention?

amend the AOC

Two items voted on immediately at the constitutional convention were

1. the election of George Washington as President of the convention
2. adoption of a vow of secrecy

Define factions

Groups of like-minded people who try to influence the government. American government is set up to avoid domination by any one of these groups.

Some of the most famous federalists are

James Madison, John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, George Washington

federalists supported a more unified and powerful

federal government

Federalists represented

the economic interests and the elites (plantation owners in the South, merchants in the North)

Federalists wanted a president who served for ____ and not elected by the ______

life, people

to federalists, direct democracy meant

rule by the mob

Some famous Anti-Federalists are

Patrick Henry (refused to attend the Constitutional Convention), George Mason, Robert Yates, James Monroe

Anti-federalists supported

state rights

Anti-federalists represented the rights of

small farmers and people in business (aka the working class)

Anti-federalists wanted ______ ________ of representatives & guarantee of what?

direct election, civil liberty protections

The Virginia Plan had how many branches of government

three (Bicameral legislature, judicial, and executive branches)

Under the Virginia Plan, legislature was to have more power than the

executive and judicial

Under the Virginia Plan, representation was based on what?

population or taxes paid to the federal government

Who created the Virginia Plan?

James Madison

Who supported the Virginia Plan?

federalists, as well as larger states

Who created the New Jersey Plan?

William Patterson

What kind of legislature made up the New Jersey plan?

Unicameral legislature

Unicameral legislature meant

one representative per state, one assembly of people that legislates and votes as one

Legislature could elect the

president (parliamentary system)

resident would select the members of the

judiciary

Who supported the New Jersey Plan?

anti-federalists

What is a bicameral legislature?

a legislature with two houses

How are Representatives apportioned?

It is based on population of the state

What is the house of representatives sole authority?

to write tax bills and deal with impeachment

What are some unique aspects of the HOR

meets the needs of the citizens, directly elected, 2-year terms

How is the Senate apportioned?

2 per state

What are some unique aspects of the Senate

meets the needs of the states, state legislatures choose, 6-year terms, staggered elections

What are the authorities of the Senate

provides consent and advice on treaties, presidential appointees, and impeachment trials

What was the Three-Fifths Compromise?

Each slave would count as three-fifths of one person for purposes of representation in the House for representation and taxation

(3/5 compromise) The South wanted to

count enslaved individuals for representation

(3/5 compromise) The North wanted to

not count enslaved individuals

In terms of goods, Northern states produced

industrialized, produced, and finished goods

there were import tariffs on

foreign goods

an import tariff meant

less competition & domestic products cost more money

Export tariff on raw materials to fund the

national government

In terms of goods, Southern states produced

Agricultural, raw materials

Export tariff would make the South's goods too

expensive

The Commerce Compromise included:

Import tariff, no export tariff, & federal government regulates interstate commerce (⅔ majority vote in senate)

International slave trade was a significant component of

commerce

Who wanted to keep and get rid of the slave trade?

Southern states wanted to keep, Northern states wanted to abolish

when was the first U.S. Census

1790 (accounted for 697,897 enslaved people)

What was the Fugitive Slave Act

A law that made it a crime to help runaway slaves; allowed for the arrest of escaped slaves in areas where slavery was illegal and required their return to slaveholders

International Slave Trade compromise

Slave trade would continue 20 years (1880)
Fugitive slave act

Jefferson abolished the international slave trade in

March 1807

Jefferson abolishing international slave trade did nothing to stop the

domestic slave trade

what was the Executive Compromise

the President would be elected for a four-year term by electors chosen in a manner prescribed by the state legislatures

Electoral College

A group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president

The first AOC created a strong

national government

The first AOC strengthened the economic powers of the

state governments

The first AOC supported

state sovereignty

The first AOC was

unicameral