Cell college biology final

Prokaryotic cell

Cell that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; example: bacteria like E. coli

Eukaryotic cell

Cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; example: human or plant cells

Unicellular organism

Organism made of one cell that performs all life functions

Multicellular organism

Organism made of many specialized cells

Cell membrane

Selectively permeable barrier that controls what enters and leaves the cell

Cell wall

Rigid structure that provides support and protection; found in plants, fungi, and bacteria

Cytoplasm

Jelly-like substance where chemical reactions occur

Vacuole

Stores water, nutrients, and waste; large in plant cells

Nucleus

Contains DNA and controls cell activities

Ribosomes

Site of protein synthesis

Lysosome

Digests waste and old cell parts

Chloroplast

Site of photosynthesis

Mitochondria

Produces ATP through cellular respiration

Cell size and surface area

Cells stay small to maintain a high surface area-to-volume ratio

Diffusion

Movement of particles from high to low concentration

Osmosis

Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Passive transport

Movement across a membrane without energy

Active transport

Movement across a membrane using ATP