Everyday chemistry

What is the pH scale used for?

To measure if a substance is acidic, neutral or alkaline.

3 common laboratory acids?

Hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid

3 common laboratory alkalis?

Sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution, calcium hydroxide solution

Identify household acids?

Vinegar, fizzy drinks, lemon juice

Identify household alkalis?

Bleach,Oven cleaner, Soap

What happens to the pH of an acid during dilution?

It increases and gets closer to 7

What happens to the pH of an alkali during dilution?

It decreases and gets closer to 7

When does neutralisation occur?

When an acid and alkali are added together

What is the word equation for neutralisation?

Acid + Alkali —> Salt + Water

How can salts be separated from water?

Evaporation

How is acid rain formed?

It’s formed by sulfuric acid and nitric acid dissolving in rain clouds.

State metals properties?

Conductors of heat and electricity, strong, high melting and boiling points, malleability and ductility.

What is an alloy?

It’s a mixture of two or more elements, at least one which is metal.

Name an alloy and describe its properties and uses?

Bronze, it’s properties is high ductility , high electrical and heat conductivity and high melting point. It is used for ships and bells.

General word equation for metal reacting with water?

Metal + water —> Metal hydroxide + Hydrogen

General word equation for metal reacting with acid?

Metal + Acid —> Metal salt + hydrogen

general word equation for metal reacting with oxygen?

Metal + Oxygen —> Metal oxide

What are required for metals to corrode?

Oxygen and water

True of false, Some metals corrode faster than others?

True

What is the corrosion of iron called?

Rusting

What colour will Ferroxyl indicator turn when rusting has occurred?

Yellow to blue

How can rusting be prevented?

It can be prevented by chemical or physical protection or sacrificial protection

Give examples of physical protection?

Painting or greasing

Give examples of chemical protection?

Using a more reactive metal to cover the metal

Explain sacrificial protection?

Sacrificial protection involves attaching a more reactive metal to iron

Explain galvanising?

Galvanising is the process of coating iron in zinc

What is an electrolyte?

A solution that can conduct electricity

Metal carbonate compound word equation?

Metal carbonate + Acid —> salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide

What is a simple cell made from?

It’s made from connecting two electrodes with an electrolyte using wires.

How can voltage be changed in a simple cell?

By using different pairs of metals as the electrodes