Civil rights, new right, new left

Little rock nine

* Nine black students attempt to attend school at an integrated highschool in little rock, ARK
* They were blocked and attacked
* The national guard had to come in and protect them

Stokely Carmichael

* to reflect the new Black person, \n consciousness, and a new tactic \n ▪ Black nationalism: “Black is \n beautiful!” \n ▪ Violence as the weapon of the \n poor and oppressed

Rosa parks

* Montgomery bus boycott
* refused to give up her seat to a white man

Thurgood marshall

* Civil rights lawyer
* First AA to serve on the american supreme court
* Argued the brown v board of education to the supreme court
* Got the separate but equal treatment in public schools to end

roe v wade

* Abortion rights
* The right to choose

Sit-ins

* A non-violent form of protest in which AA people sit at a place they are not supposed to sit at in protest of racist laws and rules

Voting rights act of 1965

* Outlawed voting discrimination based \n on race and enforced the rights \n guaranteed by the 14th and 15th \n amendments

Asian American movement

* Asian American students and faculty in at San Francisco State Univ.
* Form a pan-ethnic political identity (Asian Americans)
* Reject white racism and white assimilation and promote Asian culture and pride
* Demand creation of Asian American studies

Gays and Lesbians movement

* Object of police harassment \n and brutality for a long time
* Turning point: Stonewall Rebellion in 1969
* Gays fought back against the police raid on Stonewall Barin New Year’s Greenwich Village
* Fought stigmatization of gays and lesbians as sinful and mentally disordered
* Defined sexual orientation as a matter of rights and identity

American indian movement

* “Red Power” Movement
* American Indian Movement (AIM), formed in 1968:
* Self-determination, not assimilation
* Economic prosperity but also continued tribal and cultural existence
* 1974: Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act

Black power

* Black nationalism
* Black is beautiful
* Black Panther Party
* Founded in Oakland, CA, by Huey P. Newton and Bobby \n Seal,1966
* Humanitarian work but also violent confrontation with the \n police
* Stokeley Carmichael

Martin Luther King Jr.

* Leader of the movement to end racism in the united states
* “I have a dream” speech

Students for democratic society

* Students at the University of \n Michigan in 1960
* Confront social inequalities
* Promote “participatory democracy” \n philosophy
* Inspired other college protests \n ▪ Free Speech Movement (FSM) at \n UC Berkeley \n ▪ Anti-war protests on college \n campuses \n ▪ Counterculture—cultural rebels \n and “hippies”

Cesar Chavez

* Leader of the United Farm Workers
* Went on a food strike until his workers had better treatment from their employers

Brown v. Board of education

Overturned the ruling of “Separate but \n Equal” from Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896)

Moral Majority

The Moral Majority of Jerry Falwell— “pro-life, pro- family, pro-morality, and pro-American”

Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

* composed mainly of young African American college students who sought to use nonviolent direct action to challenge racial segregation and discrimination.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

* AA did not take the bus for weeks causing massive economic losses for the city of montgomery
* AA wanted to end the racial segregation on the montgomery buslines

Malcolm X

* Promoted black pride and self-determination

Letter from birmingham jail

* King defends the use of nonviolent direct action as a means of bringing attention to the injustices of segregation and racism, and argues that it is necessary to create tension and unrest in order to force change.
* articulates King's philosophy of nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience, and shows his willingness to confront injustice and challenge those who opposed him.
* It also helped to galvanize support for the civil rights movement and inspire others to take up the cause of racial equality

Freedom ride

The Freedom Riders were civil rights activists who participated in a series of integrated bus rides throughout the Southern United States in 1961. The goal of the rides was to challenge the segregation of interstate travel and to pressure the federal government to enforce the Supreme Court's decision in Boynton v. Virginia, which had declared segregation of interstate bus and rail stations unconstitutional.

Freedom summer

In 1964 , AA registered for voting in Mississippi

Civil rights act of 1964

Outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, national origin (ending segregation)

Women’s liberation movement

Women’s liberation & feminism \n - Formed NOW (National Organization for \n Women) \n - Non-sexual discrimination (equal pay \n for equal labor) \n - Maternity leave and reproductive rights \n - Radical feminism

* Rejection of marriage, family, and even \n heterosexuality \n ▪ Marriage as “slavery” and “legalized \n rape” \n ▪ The role of housewife is symbolic of \n oppression

Affirmative Action

new right saw it as aw it as “reverse discrimination” and advocated “a color-blind society.” \n

policies and practices designed to promote equal opportunities in employment, education, and other areas for groups that have historically faced discrimination and underrepresentation, such as women, racial and ethnic minorities, and people with disabilities.

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