Social Work Exam 3

Family Centered Practice

Includes family preservation services - the idea that families of origin should be kept intact and are the best places for children to become socialized and mature.

Family Systems Theory

Views families as client systems, not only can one identity assess the various systems with which they interact, but also view the family as more than a collection of individuals.

Traditional Family

Heterosexual married parents with their biological children in one home.

Blended Family

Both parents bring children from a previous marriage or relationship to create the new family.

Extended Family

Family unit when members are not part of one's nuclear family (grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, etc.).

Single Parenting

A household with only one parent.

Cohabitating/Gay Families

Families where same-sex or different-sex couples live together & raise kids often through adoption, fostering, surrogacy, or biologically.

Nonmarried

Cohabitating.

Level 1 Family Needs

Basic resources we need for survival - SW role: establish foundation with the family on which to build off.

Level 2 Family Needs

Establishing a positive structure, setting limits, maintaining authority for family members, being a group - SW role: work with family member individually or as a family system.

Level 3 Family Needs

Family members being recognized as individuals outside of the family identity - SW role: therapeutic communication.

Level 4 Family Needs

Focus on individual family members establishing their own identity that includes but is not limited to their role as a family member - SW role: therapeutic interventions focusing on individual and family.

No or Low Risk

Child is not in danger, 1 time occurrence, unlikely to happen again.

Low to Moderate Risk

Services will improve safety of child in present and future.

Moderate to High Risk

Families must be referred to juvenile dependency for intervention, child possibly needs to be removed from home due to high risk/immediate threat.

Priority of Foster Care: Safety of the Child

Responsibility of the child welfare system to make sure any child placed outside their home is safe from any physical, emotional, sexual, and psychological harm.

Priority of Foster Care: Preservation of the Family Unit

Aimed at preventing children from being removed from the household by providing in-home services and support to the parents and family.

Out of Pocket

Cost that individuals pay directly.

Premiums

What insurance companies charge employers on a regular basis for health insurance.

Deductibles

Financial obligation those with health insurance must meet before insurance company will start to cover costs.

Universal Healthcare

Health care provided by the government for all citizens.

Preexisting Condition

Health problem you had before the date your new health coverage starts.

Fee for Service

Payment method in which insurance companies pay health care providers directly for each different service they provide the insured.

Third-Party Payers

An organization other than the patient that is involved in service exchange.

Indemnity Insurers

Reimbursement to covered individuals for payments they have already made to service provider.

Self-Insurers

Companies that take on risk of loss for medical costs their employees incur.

Prepay Insurers

Pay providers for medical expenses in advance much like people 'prepay' insurance companies for their own healthcare.

Managed Care Organizations (MCO)

Contract with providers to give consumer access to healthcare at lower rates.

Affordable Care Act 2010 (ACA)

Designed to provide everyone in the US with health insurance that they can use to cover necessary medical treatment.

American with Disabilities Act (ADA)

Specified the types of accommodations that need to be made, opening up education and employment opportunities for all people with disabilities.

Individuals with Disability Education Act (IDEA)

Gave all students with any form of disability the right to receive a free education in the same public institutions that serve students who do not have any disabilities.

CHIP

Children's Health Insurance Program, a joint federal and state program that provides health coverage for uninsured children in families with income too high for quality Medicaid and too low to afford private insurance.

Medicare 4 Parts

a) Hospital insurance: inpatient care; b) Medical insurance: outpatient care, doctor visits; c) Medicare advantage: combine A/B; d) Prescription drug coverage.

SW Roles in Health Care

Case management, support patients and families, advocate for patient rights, educate families and patients on options.

Drug Misuse

Using a prescription or over-the-counter drug for unintended purposes or in larger quantities than recommended.

Drug Abuse

Using a drug in a particular fashion, situation, or dosage that greatly increases risk of impairment.

Harm Reduction Approach

It is acceptable for one to use substances as long as it is reduced with less consequences.

Abstinence Approach

The idea that the only way to be safe from substances is to abstain entirely.

Addiction

A strong psychological or physical dependence on a substance or drug.

Substance Use Disorder

All disorders related to substance abuse.

Recreational Drug Use

Drug use for leisure/socially, for a pleasurable feeling.

Instrumental Drug Use

Drug use for/intended for medical purposes.

Genetic Susceptibility

Being more likely to have patterns that parents had.

Four Principles of Drugs

1. Drugs are neither good or bad. 2. Every drug has multiple effects. 3. Both the size and quality of a drug effect depend on the amount taken. 4. The effect of any psychoactive drug depends on the individual's history and expectations.

Withdrawal

Psychological symptoms when off drugs.

Stimulant

Example: caffeine, cocaine.

Opioids

Examples: fentanyl, morphine.

Depressant

Examples: alcohol, nicotine, tobacco.

Mental Health

Psychological, behavioral, and emotional wellbeing.

Mental Disorder

A syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognitive and emotional regulation.

DSM-5

Guidebook on mental health disorders, a diagnosis has a minimum number of criteria that must be met.

Depression

Constant sadness, loss of interest, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or guilt.

Anxiety

Emotional signs like constant worry, restlessness, irritability, and a sense of dread.

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar 1: at least 1 manic episode; Bipolar 2: similar symptoms to mania for minimum 4 consecutive days, mood disturbance observable by others, not severe enough for impairment.

Schizophrenia

At least 2 symptoms: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, chaotic behavior.

Personality Disorder

See the world in a maladaptive way, and tend to be very resistant to any idea that reality is different from their perception.

Neurodevelopmental Disorder

Generally diagnosed in children, e.g., autism spectrum disorders.

Treatment Options

Psychotropic medication (antidepressants, mood stabilizers), multidisciplinary team members (counselors, therapists, psychiatrist, psychologist, nurses, etc.).

Multidisciplinary Team

A group of professionals in different fields who collaborate on treatment for clients in a mental health setting.

Suicide Risk

SAD PERSONS: Sex, Age, Depression, Previous attempts, Ethanol, Rational thinking loss, Social supports lacking, Organized plan, No spouse, Sickness.

Crime

A socially defined act of behavior that is deemed worthy of legal punishment.

Felony

Serious crime usually resulting in a prison sentence of a year+, convicted felons lose certain civic privileges.

Misdemeanor

Less serious crime than a felony, having a prison sentence of a year or less, or fines & supervised probation.

Infraction

Less serious than misdemeanor, receive a ticket and a fine, but not arrested.

Criminal Justice System

Three parts: 1. Law Enforcement - enforce, investigate, arrest accused; 2. Judicial Courts - sentencing offenders; 3. Corrections - enforces sentences.

Probation/Parole

Court ordered supervision for a period of time to reduce reoffending.

Recidivism

Return to criminal activity after incarceration.

Profiling

Determining criminality based on physical characteristics.

Drug Court

Purpose to help break the cycle of addiction & offending, holds offenders accountable while addressing underlying issues.

Juvenile Justice

Criminal justice subsystem under 18yrs, focused on rehab and prevention.

Community Based Programs

Correctional options based within the community and not in a correctional facility.

Diversion Programs

Programs to address life issues that are contributing to criminal actions.

Ageism

Discrimination based on one's age.

Dementia

Several diseases that affect memory, thinking, and ability to perform daily tasks.

Alzheimer's Disease

Progressive disease that affects the parts of the brain controlling thoughts, memories, and emotions.

Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL)

Health related conditions impact the overall quality of life of an individual.

Aging in Place

Older adults remaining in their homes or communities as they age.

Elder Abuse/Dependent Adult Abuse

Physical, social, verbal, emotional, financial abuse or neglect of an aging person.

Older American's Act 1965

Passed in response to concerns by policymakers about a lack of community social services for older persons.

Five Stages of Grief

1. Denial 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance.

SW Role with Older Adults

Understand clients' strengths, identify barriers/advocate, support family/caregivers.

Gerontology

Field within social work focusing on unique psychosocial needs.