Regulations Mid-Term

What does Part 43 require?

record keeping, performance standards, and specific approval processes for maintenance, preventive maintenance, rebuilding, and alteration of aircraft, airframes, engines, propellers, and appliances

What must pilots report?

Accidents, flight control malfunctions, inflight fire, aircraft collision, structural damage, significant property damage

What is the distance you need to be from clouds in VFR class C and D?

3 statue miles, 500ft below, 1,000ft above, 2,000ft horizontal

What is the distance you need to be from clouds in VFR class E?

Below 10,000 ft MSL- 3 statue miles, 500ft below, 1,000ft above, 2,000ft horizontal

At or above 10,000 ft MSL - 5 stature miles, 1000ft below, 1,000ft above, 1 statue mile horizontal

What is the distance you need to be from clouds in VFR class G?

Day Below 1,200 ft AGL - 1 statue visibility and clear of clouds

Day Above 1,200 ft AGL below 10,000ft MSL - 3 statue mile visibility, 500ft below, 1000ft above, 2,000ft horizontal.

How old do you need to be in order to get a commercial pilot license?

18

For pilot in command on a multi engine plane, what do you need to have?

valid multi-engine pilot certificate, a current medical certificate, a government-issued photo ID, and have completed a valid flight review within the preceding 24 calendar months. You need to have completed at least three takeoffs and three landings as PIC in a multiengine airplane within the preceding 90 days. For IFR, you need instrument currency

What is considered a congested area and what is the lowest you can fly in a congested area?

Cities or towns with high housing density and occupied buildings. Minimum safe altitude is 1000ft above the highest obstacle with a 2000ft horizontal radius of the aircraft.

What is considered a non congested area and what is the lowest you can fly in a non congested area?

any place where there isn’t a town, city, or high housing density. Minimum altitude is 500ft above the surface and cant be closer that 500ft to any person, vehicle, or structure.

How many passengers can a recreational pilot have?

one passenger on a flight

what is the speed restriction under 10,000ft MSL?

No more than 250 knots

What is the speed restriction under 10,000ft MSL for class C or D within 4 nautical miles of an airport?

No more than 200 knots within 4 miles of the airport

Under part 61, what is the minimum flight time to be a private pilot?

40 hours of flight time, 20 hours with a CFI, 10 hours of solo flight time, 3 hours of cross-country training, 3 hours of night flight training, 3 hours of instrument training, 3 hours of flight training with a CFI 60 days preceding a checkride

What does Part 91 outline?

Operating and flight rules for non-commercial civil aircraft operations

Includes pilot responsibilities, aircraft worthiness and maintenance, prohibited activities, drug carriage, and requirements for required equipment

What is a fairy permit?

A special flight permit that doesn’t meet its airworthiness requirements but is still safe to fly. Allows for a single flight to move an aircraft to a location for necessary repairs or maintenance, storage point, or for production test flights.

Whats required to obtain a fairy permit?

A FAA Form 8130-6, flight description like the purpose, departure and destination points, date, duration. A certified FAA mechanic, like a A&P, needs to provide an endorsement stating that the aircraft can be operated safely for the flight. Mechanics form needs to be submitted to FSDO for approval.

What are the operational restrictions for a fairy permit flight?

daylight VFR flight only, no passengers or cargo, flight within a specified route, and compliance with any additional airworthiness directives or limitations issued by the FSDO

VFR, Class E, below 10,000ft - what is minimum visibility?

3 statue miles for Class B,C,D,E

1 statue mile visibility day and 3 statue visibility night for class G

When overtaking with an airplane, how should you pass?

alter course to the right

who can perform maintenance on a plane that not commercial in part 43

Pilot or owner can perform preventative maintenance tasks, FAA-certified mechanics and repairmen can perform broader range of maintenance and alterations

What are considered major repairs?

a repair that, if improperly done, could significantly impact the aircraft's airworthiness qualities such as weight, balance, structural strength, or flight characteristics

What are considered preventative repairs?

simple or minor preservation operations and the replacement of small standard parts not involving complex assembly operations.

Preflight on airplane, what specific things do you need to do

a pilot must become familiar with all available information concerning the flight, including weather, NOTAMs, and aircraft performance data for the intended flight and route.

What class airspaces do you need a transponder and ADS-B Out?

Class A, B, and C airspace

How many hours do you need in order to obtain a commercial pilot certificate part 61?

250 hours of total flight time, 100 hours in powered aircraft, 100 hours as pilot-in-command, 50 hours of cross-country flight time, 20 hours of instrument training. 

When flying VFR during the day, how much gas do you need to fly?

first point of intended landing plus an additional 30 minutes of flight time at normal cruising speed

When flying VFR during the night, how much gas do you need to fly?

first point of intended landing and then fly for at least 45 minutes after that

What is a Airworthiness Directive?

enforceable regulation issed by civil aviation authority like the FAA to correct an unsafe condition in an aircraft, engine, propeller, or appliance

Can you still fly the plane with an Airworthiness Directive (AD)?

No

Whats required to legally fly a plane with an AD?

If you are granted a special flight permit or having specific operator authority to fly the aircraft to a repair facility for the required work (fairy permit)

If you move, your ticket needs an address change. How long do you have to tell the FAA about the change

within 30 days of the change

How can you fly with a basic medical?

You can fly aircraft under 6,000 lbs with up to five passengers at altitudes below 18,000 feet. (VFR)

what age do you need to be to become a flight instructor?

at least 18

when do navigation lights need to be on?

from sunset to sunrise

what happens if a AD is not appliant?

you have no regulatory obligation to comply with its requirements

what is required to be pic with passengers?

Within the preceding 90 days, you must have made at least three takeoffs and three landings as the sole manipulator of the controls in an aircraft of the same category, class, and type

what do you need to have to be pic with passengers?

Valid pilot certificate, current medical, and government issued photo ID

Can you fly at night as a recreational pilot?

No

Whats the earliest you can takeoff as a recreational pilot?

Fly under VFR conditions. Sunrise to sunset. At least 5 mile visibility.

What are the commercial pilot restrictions?

must hold appropriate rating for aircraft you fly, cant fly past age of 65, limitations can be added to the certificate if medical conditions aren’t met or insufficient training.

Who briefs passengers about seatbelts?

PIC is responsible for ensuring passengers are briefed on how to fasten and unfasten seat belts, as well as being notified to fasten them during surface movement, takeoff, and landing

When do you have to wear a seatbelt?

anytime the aircraft is moving on surface, takeoff, and landing

What hp rating is a recreational pilot limited to?

no more than 180 horsepower, applies to aircraft with one or more engines

Solo flight requirements

demonstrating proficiency in maneuvers like takeoffs, landings, stalls, and emergency procedures with an authorized instructor's endorsement. Endorsement is needed from instructor to fly the specific make and model, and to operate beyond 25 nautical miles.

How long is the solo flight endorsement valid for?

90 days

what is the max amount of miles you can be from the airport as a recreational pilot?

50 nautical miles unless they receive ground and flight training on cross-country flying, and a logbook endorsement from a flight instructor

What is pilot currency

completing a flight review every 24 months and performing specific takeoffs and landings within the last 90 days to legally carry passengers.

steps needed to become a flight instructor

at least 18, understand English, hold a Commercial Pilot or Airline Transport Pilot Certificate with the appropriate aircraft and instrument ratings, take Fundamentals of Instruction knowledge test and aeronautical knowledge test for specific instructor your seeking, pass a checkride.

If you don’t have an airworthiness certificate, what can and cannot do with airplane

cant operate the aircraft unless you obtain a ferry permit. Can hold it in storage and prepare it for future flights

3 categories of aircraft

normal, utility, and acrobatic

What is the MSA (minimum safe altitude) you are able to fly?

congested areas - 1,000ft above highest obstacle, 2,000 ft horizontal radius

non congested - 500ft above surface

What does MOCA mean?

Minimum Obstacle Clearance Altitude

What does MEA mean?

Minimum En Route Altitude

What does MVA mean?

Minimum Vectoring Altitude

What is MSA over congested areas?

1,000ft above highest obstacle, 2,000 ft horizontal radius

What is Part 39?

outlines regulations for issuing and complying with Airworthiness Directives

how many people can you have onboard with a ppl?

as many people as the aircraft is legally configured to seat, but not more than 7 occupants total, provided the aircraft is under 12,500 pounds

how young can you be to get a private pilot certificate

at least 16 for a glider or balloon rating, 17 for ratings other than gliders or balloons

how long is a temporary pilot certificate (pl)

valid for up to 120 days

What does airworthy mean

conforms to its type design and is in a condition for safe operation

Minimum total flight time required for a student pilot to earn a Private Pilot Certificate

40 hours under Part 61 rules or 35 hours in an FAA-approved Part 141

when must a pilot follow a vfr flight plan

when flying through a Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ)

Conditions for a type rating

complete the applicable aeronautical experience, undergo training from an authorized instructor who endorses your logbook, and then pass the practical test in that aircraft to demonstrate proficiency in its operation and systems.

Are you required to file a VFR flight plan?

No

Who is responsible to comply with airworthiness?

Shared between the aircraft owner/operator and the pilot in command

how long do you have to report an accident to the NTSB?

within 10 days

What does a commercial pilot need to do in order to fly a high-performance airplane?

specific logbook endorsement

when someone is flying towards you, how do you aviod them?

each pilot must alter their course to the right

What documents do you need to carry with you?

Government issued ID, pilot certificate, medical certificate, logbook endorsements

How long are maintenance docs valid?

Records for maintenance, preventive maintenance, and required inspections (like the 100-hour inspection) must be kept for one year or until the work is repeated or superseded by other work, whichever occurs first.

Differences between class C and D

Need ATC clearance to enter class B airspace and not C

In class B airspace 4 nautical miles from the airport, what is the max speed you can fly under 2500ft

200 knots

Cat 1 and Cat 2 airplanes flying, who has right of way

Aircraft that is lower on approach has right of way over other aircraft, including aircraft on the ground. Balloons and gliders have higher priority since they are less manuverable.

When do passengers need their seatbelt on?

passengers must have their seatbelts fastened during taxi, takeoff, and landing

Who has right of way over all other aircraft?

Aircraft in distress

Calibrated airspeed

indicated airspeed of an aircraft, corrected for position and instrument error

Equivalent airspeed

calibrated airspeed of an aircraft corrected for adiabatic

compressible flow for the particular altitude

Indicated airspeed

speed of an aircraft as shown on its pitot static airspeed indicator calibrated to reflect standard atmosphere adiabatic compressible flow at sea level uncorrected for airspeed system errors

Mach number

ratio of true airspeed to the speed of sound

True airspeed

airspeed of an aircraft relative to undisturbed air

Landing gear extended speed

the maximum speed at which an aircraft can be safely flown with the landing gear extended

Landing gear operating speed

the maximum speed at which the landing gear can be safely extended or retracted

Flap extended speed

the highest speed permissible with wing flaps in a prescribed extended position

VA

design maneuvering speed

VB

design speed for maximum gust intensity

VC

design cruising speed

VD

design diving speed

VDF/MDF

demonstrated flight diving speed

VEF

the speed at which the critical engine is assumed to fail during takeoff

VF

design flap speed

VFC/MFC

maximum speed for stability characteristics

VFE

maximum flap extended speed

VH

maximum speed in level flight with maximum continuous power

VLE

maximum landing gear extended speed

VLO

maximum landing gear operating speed

VLOF

lift-off speed

VMC

minimum control speed with the critical engine inoperative

VNE

never-exceed speed

VNO

maximum structural cruising speed

VR

rotation speed