Lab F: Oral cavity Diagrams & digestion physiology

red

upper lip / labium

orange

superior labial frenulum

yellow

teeth

light green

tongue

dark green

lingual frenulum

light blue

inferior labial frenulum

dark blue

lower lip / labium

what tissue type is the oral cavity lined with?

stratified squamous epithelium

What portions of the oral cavity are keratinized?

gingiva, dorsum of tongue, hard palate

What is the technical term for chewing?

mastication

What is the function of the frenula?

membranous folds of mucosa that stabilize the lips and tongue

red

enamel

orange

dentin

yellow

pulp cavity

light green

gingiva

dark green

bone

light blue

peridontal ligament

dark blue

root canal

light purple

cementum

dark purple

root

brown

crown

Where is the root of the tooth embedded?

maxilla or mandible

What is the articulation between the root and bone called?

gomphosis the type of fibrous joint

What anchors the root of a tooth to the bone

periodontal ligament and cementum secreted by cementocytes

What cells secrete dentin?

odontoblasts

red

incisor

orange

incisor

light green

1st premolar

light green

1st premolar

dark green

2nd premolar

light blue

1st molar

dark blue

2nd molar

light purple

3rd molar / wisdom teeth

How many incisors do we have and what do they do

8, cutting

How many canines do we have and what do they do

4, puncturing and shredding

How many premolars do we have and what do they do

8, crushing and grinding

How many molars do we have and what do they do

12, crushing and grinding

what is the dental formula?

2,1,2,3 - number of each type of tooth on one side of the top or bottom

red

temporalis

orange

masseter

yellow

lateral pterygoid

light green

medial pterygoid

dark green

interior of oral cavity

red

temporalis

orange

masseter

red

parotid gland

orange

salivary ducts

yellow

submandibular gland

light green

sublingual gland

dark green

tongue

what type of gland is the salivary gland

seromucous exocrine gland

What is the function of the salivary duct?

carry saliva to the free surface within the mouth

What is saliva?

A watery hypotonic serous secretion that includes digestive enzymes

red

root of the tongue

orange

body of the tongue

what tissue type is the tongue?

skeletal muscle

what is the function of the tongue?

sensory functions including touch, temperature, pain, taste via taste buds, assist with mastictation, phonation and deglutition

what is the major function of filiform papillae and where are they concentrated?

manipulation of food and perception of texture, tip of the tongue

red

bolus of food

orange

oropharynx

yellow

laryngopharynx

light green

esophagus

what is the technical term for swallowing?

deglutition

What is the optimal pH and temperature for gastric lipase?

4-5, 37 degrees C

What is the optimal pH and temperature for pancreatic lipase?

8, 37 degrees C

What is the optimal pH and temperature for salivary enzymes?

7, 37 degrees C

What is the function of amylase?

digests starches, such as amylose into maltose, a disaccharide

Where is amylase secreted?

from salivary glands into the mouth and pancreas into the small intestine

What test is this?

Benedict’s assay, shows presence of maltose

red

negative benedict’s assay

orange

+ benedict’s assay

yellow

++ benedict’s assay

light green

+++ benedict’s assay

What is emulsification of fat and what aids in this during digestion?

Fat globule is broken down into smaller droplets to increase surface area, bile acids/salts have a hydrophobic and hydrophilic region so are able to bind to fat droplets and interact with water and prevent it from clumping up

Where is bile secreted?

Bile is produced in the liver, stored in the gallbladder and enters the duodenum via the hepatopancreatic sphincter

What is the function of pancreatic lipase and by what mechanism?

breaks down triglycerides by hydrolysis into 1 monoglycerides and 2 free fatty acids

Where is lipase secreted?

salivary glands, stomach and from pancreas to duodenum

What test is this?

Litmus assay, indicates if fatty acids are present due to triglyceride digestion via a pH indicator

red

negative litmus assay

orange

+++ litmus assay

What is a protease?

enzymes that break down proteins

What is trypsin and where is it secretes?

A protease produced by the pancreas and is secreted through the hepatopancreatic sphincter to the duodenum

what is pepsin and where is it secreted?

A protease secreted by the stomach

What is a carboxypeptidase?

a protease that removes one amino acid at a time from the carboxyl end

What test is this?

BAPNA protein assay, BPNA is a synthetic protein that is colorless, when trypsin binds to BAPNA, it cleaves it with a product of p-nitroaniline that is yellow and concentration is determined by spectrophotometer

red

low trypsin activity

orange

high trypsin activity